Neurocutaneous disorders identified in the neonatal period and infancy: Hypomelanosis of Ito

Abstract

Hypomelanosis of Ito is a rare neurocutaneous disorder named after the Japanese dermatologist Minoru Ito who in 1952 described the condition. Characteristically, the hypopigmented lesions in this condition follow Blaschko lines. Extracutaneous manifestations of the disease include neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiac, endocrine, and renal signs and symptoms. The most common neurological manifestation is cognitive impairment. Seizures, developmental delay, and abnormal tone can also be present. In this review we discuss the condition's clinical presentations, its diagnostic criteria, and consensus recommendations.