SLAMF7 (CD319) on activated CD8+ T cells transduces environmental cues to initiate cytotoxic effector cell responses

Abstract

CD8⁺ T-cell responses are meticulously orchestrated processes regulated by intercellular receptor:ligand interactions. These interactions critically control the dynamics of CD8⁺ T-cell populations that is crucial to overcome threats such as viral infections or cancer. Yet, the mechanisms governing these dynamics remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we identified a hitherto unknown T-cell referred function of the self-ligating surface receptor SLAMF7 (CD319) on CD8⁺ T cells during initiation of cytotoxic T-cell responses. According to its cytotoxicity related expression on T effector cells, we found that CD8⁺ T cells could utilize SLAMF7 to transduce environmental cues into cellular interactions and information exchange. Indeed, SLAMF7 facilitated a dose-dependent formation of stable homotypic contacts that ultimately resulted in stable cell-contacts, quorum populations and commitment to expansion and differentiation. Using pull-down assays and network analyses, we identified novel SLAMF7-binding intracellular signaling molecules including the CRK, CRKL, and Nck adaptors, which are involved in T-cell contact formation and may mediate SLAMF7 functions in sensing and adhesion. Hence, providing SLAMF7 signals during antigen recognition of CD8⁺ T cells enhanced their overall magnitude, particularly in responses towards low-affinity antigens, resulting in a significant boost in their proliferation and cytotoxic capacity. Overall, we have identified and characterized a potent initiator of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response program and revealed advanced mechanisms to improve CD8⁺ T-cell response decisions against weak viral or tumor-associated antigens, thereby strengthening our defense against such adversaries.