Obesity prevention across the lifespan: assessing the efficacy of intervention studies and discussing future challenges.

IF 2.5 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Raffaella Cancello, Luisella Vigna, Antonella DI Maggio, Paolo Capodaglio, Simona Bertoli, Amelia Brunani
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Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is intricately linked with metabolic conditions that disrupt hormones and metabolism, often resulting in weight-related challenges. Given the heightened mortality rates associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders linked to obesity, there is a pressing call to mobilize medical professionals, researchers, and policymakers towards advocating for healthy lifestyles and preventing obesity. Traditionally, obesity prevention and treatment have been viewed as separate endeavors, with prevention primarily falling under public health initiatives and treatment within the purview of clinicians. However, this division has led to significant healthcare costs without a substantial reduction in obesity rates.

Evidence acquisition: Our search encompassed published articles focused on prevention, excluding any mention of "treatment". Data was gathered from diverse sources including academic databases, government health agency websites like the CDC, research organizations, clinical trials registries, and public health campaigns.

Evidence synthesis: Due to the diverse range of interventions (encompassing dietary modifications, physical activity promotion, policy initiatives, education, and community-based programs, either independently or in combination), and the variability in study design and population demographics, we conducted a narrative review to systematically present and critically analyze evidence on preventing overweight and obesity across different age groups.

Conclusions: Effectively addressing obesity prevention necessitates a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that establishes an environment where healthier choices are accessible and viable for all. This requires collaborative efforts between individuals, communities, healthcare providers, policymakers, and industries to institute enduring change. Furthermore, there remains a critical need for national and international guidelines tailored to age-related risk factors, paving the way for innovative precision medicine approaches centered on salutogenesis rather than pathogenesis.

跨越生命周期的肥胖症预防:评估干预研究的效果并讨论未来的挑战。
引言肥胖与新陈代谢紊乱密切相关,这些紊乱的激素和新陈代谢往往会导致与体重相关的问题。鉴于与肥胖有关的心血管疾病和新陈代谢紊乱导致的死亡率升高,人们迫切要求动员医疗专业人员、研究人员和决策者倡导健康的生活方式并预防肥胖。传统上,肥胖症的预防和治疗被视为不同的工作,预防主要属于公共卫生活动,而治疗则属于临床医生的职权范围。然而,这种分工导致了巨大的医疗成本,却没有大幅降低肥胖率:我们的搜索范围包括已发表的以预防为重点的文章,不包括任何提及 "治疗 "的文章。数据收集来源多样,包括学术数据库、疾病预防控制中心等政府卫生机构网站、研究机构、临床试验登记处和公共卫生运动:由于干预措施多种多样(包括膳食调整、促进体育锻炼、政策措施、教育和社区计划,可以单独使用,也可以结合使用),而且研究设计和人群特征各不相同,因此我们进行了叙述性综述,系统地介绍并批判性地分析了不同年龄组预防超重和肥胖的证据:要有效预防肥胖,就必须采取全面、多学科的方法,营造一个人人都能获得更健康选择的环境。这需要个人、社区、医疗保健提供者、政策制定者和各行各业通力合作,才能实现持久的变革。此外,目前仍亟需针对与年龄有关的风险因素制定国家和国际指南,为以致富而非致病为中心的创新型精准医疗方法铺平道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
146
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