Enhancing the performance of molecule-based piezoelectric sensors by optimizing their microstructures†

Abstract

By combining the rigidity of inorganic components with the flexibility of organic components, molecule-based ferroelectrics emerge as promising candidates for flexible, self-powered piezoelectric sensors. While it is well known that the performance of piezoelectric sensor devices depends not only on the materials' piezoelectric properties but also on the device architecture, research into enhancing molecule-based piezoelectric sensor performance through microstructure optimization has never been investigated. Here, we report the synthesis of a molecule-based ferroelectric, [(2-bromoethyl) trimethylammonium][GaBr₄] ([(CH₃)₃NCH₂CH₂Br][GaBr₄]) (1), which exhibits a piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of up to 331 pC N⁻¹. Our investigation reveals that the power density of a composite piezoelectric sensor device made from 1@S-PDMS(800#) (with microstructures) is twelve times that of 1–Flat-PDMS (without microstructures), due to a synergistic combination of piezoelectric and triboelectric effects. Interestingly, this flexible piezoelectric sensor can effectively detect human physiological signals, such as finger bending, breathing, and speech recognition, without the need for an external power supply.