The near and far transfer effects of computerized working memory training in typically developing preschool children: Evidence from event-related potentials

IF 1.8 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Yan Hong , Ting Zhang , Cong Pang , Ling Zou , Ming Li , Renlai Zhou
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Abstract

Working memory (WM) refers to the ability to actively maintain and process information needed to complete complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning. Recent studies have examined the efficacy of computerized working memory training (WMT) in improving cognitive functions in general and WM in particular, with mixed results. Thus, to what extent can WMT produce near and far transfer effects to cognitive function is currently unclear. This study investigated the transfer effects of a computerized WMT for preschool children and also examined the possible neural correlates using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. A total of 50 Chinese preschoolers (64.44 ± 7.76 months old; 24 girls) received 4-week training during school hours. Compared with those in the active control group, children in the training group showed better gains in behavioral performance in the WM task and significantly more changes in ERP markers of the WM and inhibitory control tasks (near transfer effect). However, no evidence was found for transfer to fluid intelligence (far transfer effect). These findings suggest that WMT is capable of enhancing cognitive functioning in preschool children, and as such this work has important implications for educational practice and it may help to design and refine cognitive interventions for typically developing children and those with WM problems or other cognitive deficits (e.g., children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder).
计算机化工作记忆训练对发育正常的学龄前儿童的远近迁移效应:事件相关电位的证据
工作记忆(WM)是指主动保持和处理完成复杂任务(如理解、学习和推理)所需信息的能力。最近有研究探讨了计算机化工作记忆训练(WMT)在改善认知功能,尤其是工作记忆方面的效果,但结果不一。因此,目前还不清楚计算机工作记忆训练能在多大程度上对认知功能产生远近迁移效应。本研究调查了学龄前儿童电脑WMT的迁移效应,并利用事件相关电位(ERP)技术研究了可能的神经相关因素。共有 50 名中国学龄前儿童(64.44 ± 7.76 个月大;24 名女孩)在上课时间接受了为期 4 周的训练。与积极对照组的儿童相比,训练组的儿童在WM任务中的行为表现有更好的提高,在WM和抑制控制任务中的ERP标记也有显著的变化(近转移效应)。但是,没有证据表明他们的智能迁移到了流体智能上(远迁移效应)。这些研究结果表明,WMT 能够增强学龄前儿童的认知功能,因此,这项研究对教育实践具有重要意义,它可能有助于设计和完善针对发育正常儿童、有 WM 问题或其他认知缺陷儿童(如注意力缺陷/多动障碍儿童)的认知干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
7.70%
发文量
190
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Child Psychology is an excellent source of information concerning all aspects of the development of children. It includes empirical psychological research on cognitive, social/emotional, and physical development. In addition, the journal periodically publishes Special Topic issues.
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