Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Management of Acute Postoperative Surgical Pain After Pediatric Cardiac Surgeries Through a Midline Sternotomy.

Abstract

Background: Ultrasound (US) guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a safe and effective technique in providing perioperative pain management in pediatrics with a high success rate.

The aim of this study: Was to compare the efficacy of bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for management of acute postoperative surgical pain after pediatric cardiac surgeries through a midline sternotomy.

Methods: One hundred patients aged 4-12 years were randomly assigned into two groups, both groups received general anesthesia followed by bilateral sham erector spinae plane block at the level of T6 transverse process using 0.4 ml/kg normal saline on each side in the control group (group C) or bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block at the level of T6 transverse process using 0.4 ml/kg ropivacaine 0.2% with a maximum dose of 2 mg/kg mixed with adrenaline 2 mcg/ml in erector spinae plane block group (group E). The postoperative pain scores were evaluated immediately post-extubation, at 1 hour, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 hours after extubation, total consumption of intraoperative fentanyl and time to first rescue analgesic administration were also recorded.

Results: There was a statistically high significant delay in the group E (314.72 ± 45.94) compared with the group C (36.7 ± 7.22) as regards to the mean (SD) of the time of the rescue analgesia (P < 0.001) (with 95% CI), moreover; the number of rescue analgesic was significantly higher in the group C compared with the group E (P < 0.001) (with 95% CI) and the mean (SD) of total intraoperative and postoperative levels fentanyl requirements in the group C were significantly higher compared with the group E (6.47 ± 0.98 and 5.09 ± 0.83) (with 95% CI) in group C versus (4.69 ± 0.71 and 2.31 ± 0.66) (with 95% CI) in group E respectively (P < 0.001) (with 95% CI).

Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided bilateral ESPB with ropivacaine and adrenaline delays the postoperative need of analgesia and reduces postoperative fentanyl consumption at 24 h in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery through midline sternotomy.