Linking functional and phylogenetic diversity to assess decay in ecosystem services induced by metacommunity-level mammal extirpations

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Austral Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI:10.1111/aec.13597
Juliano A. Bogoni, Luan G. Araujo Goebel, Manoel Santos-Filho, Carlos A. Peres
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Defaunation is an increasingly pervasive process, reaching ever larger spatial scales worldwide. We integrated data on thousands of putative local mammal assemblages across the Neotropics into 518 metacommunities to predict the phylogenetic trait-based effects of regional defaunation—here defined as meta-extirpation (i.e. extinction at the metacommunity level)—on dozens of putative ecosystem services (ESs). Further, based on 1029 real-world mammal assemblages coalesced into 236 metacommunities, we assessed the spatial extent of meta-extirpations across the Neotropics, while empirically quantifying losses in ESs in comparison with putative scenarios. Using observed data, we also sought to understand changes in the mean body size of metacommunities for different dietary guilds. We examined patterns of mammal diversity, evaluated the erosion of ESs based on ecological networks and measured the relationships between diversity metrics and ESs via dissimilarity arrangements and generalized linear models. Meta-extirpation regimes lead to a mean loss of 49.6% of the ESs provided by Neotropical mammals within metacommunities, whereas real-world meta-extirpations derived 47.2% of ES loss. We show that simulated meta-extirpations penalizing large-bodied species, induced the most severe losses in ESs. Regional-scale meta-extirpations lead to changes in the metabolic allometry and trophic structure of consumers, inducing significant metacommunity downsizing. We conclude that once-thriving mammal-mediated roles in natural ecosystems are fading, with significant consequences for human livelihoods. Many mammal populations have succumbed in several Neotropical ecoregions; so it is critical to protect representative fractions of Neotropical landscapes and regional species pools. Finally, we reinforce the appeal for effective conservation action, given that meta-extirpations are already a global reality.

Abstract Image

将功能多样性和系统发育多样性联系起来,评估元群落级哺乳动物灭绝导致的生态系统服务衰减
脱群是一个日益普遍的过程,在全球范围内达到越来越大的空间尺度。我们将新热带地区数以千计的推定地方哺乳动物群落数据整合为 518 个元群落,以预测区域性灭绝(此处定义为元灭绝(即元群落水平上的灭绝))对数十种推定生态系统服务(ES)产生的基于系统发育特征的影响。此外,基于 1029 个真实世界的哺乳动物群落,并将其凝聚成 236 个元群落,我们评估了整个新热带地区元灭绝的空间范围,同时根据经验量化了与假定情景相比的生态系统服务损失。利用观测数据,我们还试图了解不同食性的元群落平均体型的变化。我们研究了哺乳动物的多样性模式,基于生态网络评估了ES的侵蚀情况,并通过相似性排列和广义线性模型测量了多样性指标与ES之间的关系。元淘汰制度导致元群落内新热带哺乳动物提供的生态系统服务平均损失了49.6%,而现实世界的元淘汰导致的生态系统服务损失为47.2%。我们的研究表明,对大型物种进行惩罚的模拟元外延导致了最严重的ES损失。区域尺度的元扩展导致消费者的代谢异构和营养结构发生变化,引起元群落的显著缩小。我们的结论是,哺乳动物在自然生态系统中曾经扮演的重要角色正在逐渐消失,这对人类的生计造成了重大影响。在几个新热带生态区域,许多哺乳动物种群已经灭绝;因此,保护新热带景观的代表性部分和区域物种库至关重要。最后,我们再次呼吁采取有效的保护行动,因为元侵蚀已经成为全球现实。
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来源期刊
Austral Ecology
Austral Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Austral Ecology is the premier journal for basic and applied ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. As the official Journal of The Ecological Society of Australia (ESA), Austral Ecology addresses the commonality between ecosystems in Australia and many parts of southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Oceania. For example many species in the unique biotas of these regions share common Gondwana ancestors. ESA''s aim is to publish innovative research to encourage the sharing of information and experiences that enrich the understanding of the ecology of the Southern Hemisphere. Austral Ecology involves an editorial board with representatives from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Brazil and Argentina. These representatives provide expert opinions, access to qualified reviewers and act as a focus for attracting a wide range of contributions from countries across the region. Austral Ecology publishes original papers describing experimental, observational or theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine or freshwater systems, which are considered without taxonomic bias. Special thematic issues are published regularly, including symposia on the ecology of estuaries and soft sediment habitats, freshwater systems and coral reef fish.
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