{"title":"Large-scale production of Nannochloropsis-derived EPA: Current status and perspectives via a biorefinery context","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fbp.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid rise in global population and increase in food demands have significantly propelled mass production of plant- and animal-based conventional foods, which require substantial arable lands, water, and time. Microalgae have the potential to be a sustainable and promising alternative sources of nutrient-rich food supplement, amongst which <em>Nannochloropsis</em> is highlighted by its high concentration of nutrient rich metabolites. Most significantly, ∼30–40% of lipids synthesized by <em>Nannochloropsis</em> constitute polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in which 20–30% of total fatty acids account for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an essential omega-3 supplement required for human health. Nevertheless, the incorporation of whole biomass of <em>Nannochloropsis</em> into functional foods often imparts negative tastes and odor. Therefore, EPA could be extracted by utilizing green, sustainable methods, including microwave and ultrasound pretreatment, supercritical fluid extraction, green solvents, and purified through urea complexation. Moreover, the defatted residual biomass could be valorized to various co-products, namely biofuels, sugars, and proteins, within a zero-waste biorefinery model. Amongst the multitude of biorefinery routes available, processes starting with high value EPA extraction followed by synthesis of peptides from a protein-rich residual biomass appear to be most lucrative. Hence, the current review provides a holistic outlook on large-scale production of <em>Nannochloropsis</em>-derived EPA by assessing various extraction and purification methods, and functional food applications, while scrutinizing the viability of biorefining for an economically viable and sustainable commercialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12134,"journal":{"name":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food and Bioproducts Processing","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960308524001755","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The rapid rise in global population and increase in food demands have significantly propelled mass production of plant- and animal-based conventional foods, which require substantial arable lands, water, and time. Microalgae have the potential to be a sustainable and promising alternative sources of nutrient-rich food supplement, amongst which Nannochloropsis is highlighted by its high concentration of nutrient rich metabolites. Most significantly, ∼30–40% of lipids synthesized by Nannochloropsis constitute polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in which 20–30% of total fatty acids account for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an essential omega-3 supplement required for human health. Nevertheless, the incorporation of whole biomass of Nannochloropsis into functional foods often imparts negative tastes and odor. Therefore, EPA could be extracted by utilizing green, sustainable methods, including microwave and ultrasound pretreatment, supercritical fluid extraction, green solvents, and purified through urea complexation. Moreover, the defatted residual biomass could be valorized to various co-products, namely biofuels, sugars, and proteins, within a zero-waste biorefinery model. Amongst the multitude of biorefinery routes available, processes starting with high value EPA extraction followed by synthesis of peptides from a protein-rich residual biomass appear to be most lucrative. Hence, the current review provides a holistic outlook on large-scale production of Nannochloropsis-derived EPA by assessing various extraction and purification methods, and functional food applications, while scrutinizing the viability of biorefining for an economically viable and sustainable commercialization.
期刊介绍:
Official Journal of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering:
Part C
FBP aims to be the principal international journal for publication of high quality, original papers in the branches of engineering and science dedicated to the safe processing of biological products. It is the only journal to exploit the synergy between biotechnology, bioprocessing and food engineering.
Papers showing how research results can be used in engineering design, and accounts of experimental or theoretical research work bringing new perspectives to established principles, highlighting unsolved problems or indicating directions for future research, are particularly welcome. Contributions that deal with new developments in equipment or processes and that can be given quantitative expression are encouraged. The journal is especially interested in papers that extend the boundaries of food and bioproducts processing.
The journal has a strong emphasis on the interface between engineering and food or bioproducts. Papers that are not likely to be published are those:
• Primarily concerned with food formulation
• That use experimental design techniques to obtain response surfaces but gain little insight from them
• That are empirical and ignore established mechanistic models, e.g., empirical drying curves
• That are primarily concerned about sensory evaluation and colour
• Concern the extraction, encapsulation and/or antioxidant activity of a specific biological material without providing insight that could be applied to a similar but different material,
• Containing only chemical analyses of biological materials.