Biological function of sialic acid and sialylation in human health and disease.

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Cell Death Discovery Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1038/s41420-024-02180-3

Wengen Zhu, Yue Zhou, Linjuan Guo, Shenghui Feng

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Abstract

Sialic acids are predominantly found at the terminal ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids and play key roles in cellular communication and function. The process of sialylation, a form of post-translational modification, involves the covalent attachment of sialic acid to the terminal residues of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. This modification not only provides a layer of electrostatic repulsion to cells but also serves as a receptor for various biological signaling pathways. Sialylation is involved in several pathophysiological processes. Given its multifaceted involvement in cellular functions, sialylation presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention. Current studies are exploring agents that target sialic acid residues on sialoglycans or the sialylation process. These efforts are particularly focused on the fields of cancer therapy, stroke treatment, antiviral strategies, and therapies for central nervous system disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the biological functions of sialic acid and the process of sialylation, explore their roles in various pathophysiological contexts, and discuss their potential applications in the development of novel therapeutics.

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硅烷酸和硅烷化在人类健康和疾病中的生物功能。

硫辛酸主要存在于糖蛋白和糖脂的末端，在细胞通讯和功能中发挥着关键作用。硅烷基化过程是一种翻译后修饰，是将硅烷基酸共价连接到寡糖和糖蛋白的末端残基上。这种修饰不仅为细胞提供了一层静电排斥力，还可作为各种生物信号通路的受体。Sialylation 参与了多个病理生理过程。鉴于其在细胞功能中的多方面参与，Sialylation 为治疗干预提供了一个前景广阔的途径。目前的研究正在探索以硅氨酰聚糖上的硅氨酰残基或硅氨酰化过程为靶点的药物。这些研究尤其集中在癌症治疗、中风治疗、抗病毒策略和中枢神经系统疾病治疗等领域。在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结硅烷基酸的生物功能和硅烷基化过程，探讨它们在各种病理生理环境中的作用，并讨论它们在新型疗法开发中的潜在应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cell Death Discovery Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Cell Biology

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

1.40%

发文量

468

审稿时长

9 weeks

期刊介绍： Cell Death Discovery is a multidisciplinary, international, online-only, open access journal, dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of medicine with biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, cell biology and cell death, provided it is scientifically sound. The unrestricted access to research findings in Cell Death Discovery will foster a dynamic and highly productive dialogue between basic scientists and clinicians, as well as researchers in industry with a focus on cancer, neurobiology and inflammation research. As an official journal of the Cell Death Differentiation Association (ADMC), Cell Death Discovery will build upon the success of Cell Death & Differentiation and Cell Death & Disease in publishing important peer-reviewed original research, timely reviews and editorial commentary. Cell Death Discovery is committed to increasing the reproducibility of research. To this end, in conjunction with its sister journals Cell Death & Differentiation and Cell Death & Disease, Cell Death Discovery provides a unique forum for scientists as well as clinicians and members of the pharmaceutical and biotechnical industry. It is committed to the rapid publication of high quality original papers that relate to these subjects, together with topical, usually solicited, reviews, editorial correspondence and occasional commentaries on controversial and scientifically informative issues.