Spinal trauma in children and adolescents: mechanisms of injury, anatomical characteristics and principles of treatment

Q4 Medicine

Orthopaedics and Trauma Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1016/j.mporth.2024.07.009

Maryem-Fama Ismael Aguirre, Athanasios I Tsirikos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Spinal trauma in children and adolescents, including spinal cord injury, fractures and dislocations, is relatively uncommon, but represents the highest risk of morbidity and mortality of all paediatric injuries. Motor vehicle accidents, falls from heights and sport accidents resulting in blunt trauma are the most frequent mechanisms of injury. The average age of presentation is approximately 12 years old. Injury following spinal trauma differs according to age-specific biomechanical characteristics of the developing spine. The most common site of injury in younger children is the cervical spine, whereas injury to the thoracolumbar spine is more common in adolescents. Differential diagnosis following trauma should include physiological particularities of the developing spine. Search for concomitant lesions is mandatory as patients frequently present with more than one vertebral fracture. Injury in this population can significantly affect the developing spine leading to neurological trauma and progressive deformity.

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儿童和青少年脊柱创伤：损伤机制、解剖特点和治疗原则

儿童和青少年的脊柱创伤，包括脊髓损伤、骨折和脱臼，相对来说并不常见，但却是所有儿科损伤中发病和死亡风险最高的。机动车事故、高空坠落和运动事故导致的钝性创伤是最常见的受伤机制。平均发病年龄约为 12 岁。脊柱创伤后的损伤因发育中脊柱的特定年龄生物力学特征而异。年龄较小的儿童最常见的受伤部位是颈椎，而胸腰椎受伤在青少年中更为常见。外伤后的鉴别诊断应包括发育中脊柱的生理特点。由于患者常常伴有不止一处椎体骨折，因此必须寻找并发病灶。这类人群的损伤会对发育中的脊柱造成严重影响，导致神经系统创伤和渐进性畸形。

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来源期刊

Orthopaedics and Trauma Medicine-Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Orthopaedics and Trauma presents a unique collection of International review articles summarizing the current state of knowledge and research in orthopaedics. Each issue focuses on a specific topic, discussed in depth in a mini-symposium; other articles cover the areas of basic science, medicine, children/adults, trauma, imaging and historical review. There is also an annotation, self-assessment questions and a second opinion section. In this way the entire postgraduate syllabus will be covered in a 4-year cycle.