Optical Simulations of Nanotextured All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Abstract

This numerical study investigates, how textures at various locations of all-perovskite tandem solar cells affect their optical performance. For this, hexagonal sinusoidal textures with 750 nm period and aspect ratios (height-to-period) of 27% (moderate) and 54% (pronounced) are considered. The optical simulations are performed with the finite element method and an algorithm to correct for the thick glass superstrate. The complex refractive index data of the wide-bandgap (WBG) and narrow-bandgap (NBG) perovskites with spectroscopic ellipsometry is determined. Texturing between the glass superstrate and the WBG perovskite top cell has an antireflective effect across the whole wavelength region. In contrast, texturing between the WBG perovskite top cell and the NBG perovskite bottom cell has no additional effect for a moderate texture but leads to light trapping in the NBG perovskite for a pronounced texture. Moderate texturing between the NBG perovskite absorber and the metal back contact leads to light trapping in the NBG perovskite but also excites surface plasmons in the copper back contact. Dielectric interlayers between the NBG perovskite and the metal back contact can reduce the plasmonic absorption losses. Texturing potentially allows to increase the current-matched short-circuit current density beyond 17 mA ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}$.