Extreme Heat Exposure Is Associated with Higher Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Elevated Youth Delinquency.

Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare
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Abstract

Background: Climate change has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, a trend expected to continue. This poses significant health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations like children. While previous research has largely concentrated on the physical health impacts of extreme heat, less attention has been given to behavioral outcomes, such as delinquency.

Objectives: This study investigates the association between extreme heat exposure and delinquency among children, utilizing data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. It also explores the potential mediating roles of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES; measured by median home value), puberty, peer deviance, and financial difficulties.

Methods: Data from the national ABCD study were analyzed to assess the relationship between extreme heat exposure (exposure) and delinquency (outcome). Covariates included race/ethnicity, sex, and age. Mediators examined were neighborhood SES, puberty, peer deviance, and financial difficulties. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for data analysis.

Results: Overall, 11,878 children entered our analysis. The analysis revealed a significant association between extreme heat exposure and higher levels of delinquency among children. Children more exposed to extreme heat were more likely to be Black, reside in lower SES neighborhoods, experience greater financial difficulties, and have more advanced puberty status. The group facing the highest heat exposure was also economically disadvantaged.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that children already disadvantaged by socio-economic factors are disproportionately affected by extreme heat, leading to increased delinquency. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to protect these vulnerable populations and address the mediators of extreme heat exposure. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and evaluate the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies to address these disparities.

极端高温与较高的社会经济劣势和青少年犯罪率升高有关。
背景:气候变化导致极端高温事件的频率和强度增加,预计这一趋势将持续下去。这给人们的健康带来了巨大风险,尤其是对儿童等弱势群体而言。以往的研究主要集中于极端高温对身体健康的影响,而对行为结果(如犯罪)的关注较少:本研究利用青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)研究的数据,调查极端高温暴露与儿童犯罪之间的关联。研究还探讨了邻里社会经济地位(SES,以房屋价值中位数衡量)、青春期、同伴偏差和经济困难的潜在中介作用:分析了全国性 ABCD 研究的数据,以评估极热暴露(暴露)与犯罪(结果)之间的关系。协变量包括种族/民族、性别和年龄。研究的中介因素包括邻里社会经济地位、青春期、同伴偏差和经济困难。数据分析采用了结构方程模型(SEM):共有 11,878 名儿童参与了分析。分析结果表明,酷热与儿童犯罪率较高之间存在明显联系。更容易受到酷热影响的儿童更有可能是黑人、居住在社会经济地位较低的社区、经济困难更大、青春期更晚。面临最高高温的群体在经济上也处于不利地位:研究结果表明,由于社会经济因素而处于不利地位的儿童受到极端高温的影响尤为严重,从而导致犯罪率上升。这突出表明,有必要采取有针对性的干预措施来保护这些弱势人群,并解决极端高温暴露的媒介问题。未来的研究应侧重于纵向研究,并评估各种缓解策略对解决这些差异的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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