{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Herbal Compounds as Autophagy Modulators in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Ekta Yadav, Ashok Kumar Mandal, Ajay Kumar Sah, Sandesh Poudel, Prateek Pathak, Habibullah Khalilullah, Mariusz Jaremko, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Pankajkumar Yadav, Amita Verma","doi":"10.2174/0118715273298025240905130205","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes atrophy of brain cells, leading to their death, and has become a leading cause of death in aging populations worldwide. AD is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau phosphorylation in neural tissues, but the precise pathophysiology of the disease is still obscure. Autophagy is an evolutionarily targeted mechanism that is necessary for the elimination of neuronal and glial misfolded proteins as well as proteins. It also plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity. The aberrant autophagy primarily influences the process of aging and neurodegeneration. Autophagy significantly influences how Aβ and tau function physiologically, therefore, atypical autophagy is expected to perform an important role in Aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation characteristic in the development of AD. Bioactive phytoconstituents could majorly contribute as a natural yet effective alternative approach to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration and promote the active aging process in elderly patients. Over the recent years, it is well evidenced that different secondary metabolites including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and phenols exhibited neuroprotective effects, and attenuated brain damage, and cognitive impairment in vitro as well as in vivo. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of action shared by them is the regulation of competent autophagy via the removal of aggregated protein and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present article is structured as a reference for researchers keen to investigate and assess the new natural compound-mediated therapeutic approach for AD treatment through the modulation of autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273298025240905130205","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes atrophy of brain cells, leading to their death, and has become a leading cause of death in aging populations worldwide. AD is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau phosphorylation in neural tissues, but the precise pathophysiology of the disease is still obscure. Autophagy is an evolutionarily targeted mechanism that is necessary for the elimination of neuronal and glial misfolded proteins as well as proteins. It also plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity. The aberrant autophagy primarily influences the process of aging and neurodegeneration. Autophagy significantly influences how Aβ and tau function physiologically, therefore, atypical autophagy is expected to perform an important role in Aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation characteristic in the development of AD. Bioactive phytoconstituents could majorly contribute as a natural yet effective alternative approach to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration and promote the active aging process in elderly patients. Over the recent years, it is well evidenced that different secondary metabolites including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and phenols exhibited neuroprotective effects, and attenuated brain damage, and cognitive impairment in vitro as well as in vivo. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of action shared by them is the regulation of competent autophagy via the removal of aggregated protein and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present article is structured as a reference for researchers keen to investigate and assess the new natural compound-mediated therapeutic approach for AD treatment through the modulation of autophagy.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,会导致脑细胞萎缩,进而导致脑细胞死亡,已成为全球老龄人口的主要死因。阿尔茨海默病的特征是神经组织中β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积和tau磷酸化,但该病的确切病理生理学至今仍不清楚。自噬是一种有进化针对性的机制,是消除神经元和神经胶质细胞错误折叠蛋白以及蛋白质所必需的。它在突触可塑性中也发挥着重要作用。自噬异常主要影响衰老和神经退行性变的过程。自噬对 Aβ 和 tau 的生理功能有重要影响,因此,非典型自噬预计将在 AD 发病过程中的 Aβ 沉积和 tau 磷酸化特征中发挥重要作用。具有生物活性的植物成分可作为一种天然而有效的替代方法,为减缓老年患者神经退行性病变的进展和促进其积极衰老过程做出重要贡献。近年来,不同的次生代谢物(包括多酚、生物碱、萜烯和酚类)在体外和体内均表现出神经保护作用,并减轻了脑损伤和认知障碍。此外,它们共同的基本作用机制是通过清除聚集蛋白和线粒体功能障碍来调节自噬功能。本文旨在为热衷于研究和评估通过调节自噬来治疗注意力缺失症的新型天然化合物疗法的研究人员提供参考。