Postmortem distribution of ropivacaine and its metabolite in human body fluids and solid tissues by GC–MS/MS using standard addition method

Abstract

Purpose

An analytical method was developed for determining ropivacaine and its main metabolite, 3-hydroxyropivacaine in biomedical samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Then, this established method was applied to investigate the distribution of ropivacaine and its metabolite in human fluids and solid tissues obtained from an authentic case ropivacaine involved.

Methods

The fluid sample was added acetonitrile, and solid tissue was homogenized using a freezer mill and then added into acetonitrile. Then, an internal standard solution was added to the mixtures. The mixture was centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 5 min, and the upper layer of acetonitrile was transferred to magnesium sulfate and octadecyl silica (C18) gel for cleaning up the sample. After centrifugation, the upper layer was then evaporated to dryness with nitrogen, and dissolved with methanol, then injected into the GC–MS/MS system.

Results

The coefficients of determination (r²) of constructed calibration curves were all greater than 0.999. The limits of detection for ropivacaine and 3-hydroxyropivacaine in target samples were 15 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery rates of ropivacaine and 3-hydroxyropivacaine ranged from 97.6% to 103% and from 96.5% to 104%, respectively. The inter-day precision values of ropivacaine and 3-hydroxyropivacaine were not greater than 6.25% and 7.98%, respectively, and the inter-day trueness values were not greater than 6.90% and 8.33%, respectively; the intra-day precision and trueness values of ropivacaine and 3-hydroxyropivacaine were not greater than 3.20%, 6.78%, 7.84% and 8.99%, respectively.

Conclusions

GC–MS/MS method for simultaneous detection and quantification of ropivacaine and 3-hydroxyropivacaine in biological samples was successfully developed. The method could also be applied to samples obtained from an authentic case; their distribution among tested fluids and solid tissues were also measured. This is the first report on the distribution of ropivacaine and its major metabolite 3-hydroxyropivacaine in a human case.