Real-World Analysis of Barriers to Timely Administration of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR T) Therapy in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Abstract

BACKGROUND The implementation of CAR T therapy in the real-world setting is hindered by logistical and financial barriers, impacting timely access to this life-saving treatment. Clinical trials have reported the time from leukapheresis to CAR T cell infusion (vein-to-vein time) but not the time from CAR T referral to infusion (decision-to-vein time). OBJECTIVE Herein, we report the barriers to CAR T therapy in a real-world setting. We evaluated the factors influencing the decision-to-vein time and explored the association with clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL who received CAR T therapy. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients with R/R DLBCL who underwent consultation for CAR T cell therapy at Levine Cancer Institute and Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center and collected information regarding demographic data, referral type, insurance type, CAR T product and survival outcomes. The effects of variables on decision-to-vein time were analyzed by Fisher's exact test for categorial variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazard models. RESULTS The study included 142 patients who were referred for CAR T of which 99 patients received CAR T. Median decision-to-vein time was 62 days compared to median vein-to-vein time of 32 days. Patients with private insurance took longer to obtain financial clearance compared to patients with government insurance (median 25 vs. 9 days, p < .001). Of those with private insurance (n=63), 35% needed a single case agreement (SCA) which led to significant delay in receiving financial clearance (median 50.5 vs.19 days, p < .001) and increased decision-to-vein time (median 75 vs. 55 days, p < .001) compared to those who did not need SCA. Decision-to-vein time was significantly different among various products, clinical trial being the shortest (median 47 days, n = 9) and non-conforming products being the longest (median 94.5 days, n = 6) (p< .001). Axi-cel had the shortest median decision-to-vein time at 61 days compared to 81 days with tisa-cel and 85 days with liso-cel. Although delays in receiving CAR T therapy did not impact survival, the median overall survival for patients who were referred for CAR T therapy but did not receive it, was significantly lower than those who received CAR T cell therapy (9.0 vs. 21.0 months, p < .001). CONCLUSION Decision-to-vein time is a major cause of delay in receiving CAR T therapy. SCAs lead to significant increase in 'decision-to-vein' time leading to delays in CAR T therapy in a real-world setting. Patients who were referred for CAR T but are not able to receive it, have inferior survival compared to CAR T recipients. Our findings underscore the significance of addressing administrative hurdles, such as SCAs and insurance approvals, for timely access to CAR T therapy for patients with DLBCL.