The impact of test anxiety on oral microbiota among medical students‐A pilot study

Stress & Health Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1002/smi.3479
Guoxin Huang, Jingyi Wang, Lin Yin, Imran Khan, Betty Yuen Kwan Law, Yi Zheng, Mengze Xu, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, W. L. Wendy Hsiao
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Abstract

Test anxiety (TA) is a common emotion among students during examinations. Test‐induced stress can remarkably impact students' emotions and limit their performance. Mental stress is a crucial factor that could significantly alter gut microbial composition, but rare reports focus on the correlation between TA and oral microbial composition. This study aims to investigate the impact of TA on students' oral microbiota composition. This study targeted medical students who usually face heavier workloads than average undergraduates. 28 females and 19 males aged 18–30 were enrolled in this study. Questionnaires and saliva samples were collected from the participants before, during, and after the end‐term examination. The level of anxiety was classified as normal, mild, moderate, and severe based on the questionnaire scores. In addition, 16S amplicon sequencing was used to analyse the composition of oral microbes. More than half of the students faced different levels of TA before and after the examination. Over three‐quarters of students showed anxiety during the examination, and a quarter suffered severe TA. The 16S sequencing data showed that TA significantly altered the oral microbial composition between students with and without TA in all three survey periods. Moreover, during the examination, the genera Rothia and Streptococcus, the oral‐beneficial bacteria, markedly decreased in students with TA. On the other hand, the potential pathogenic genera, such as Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Haemophilus, significantly increased in the students with TA. And the TA effect on oral microbes displayed a gender difference among students. A high ratio of TA existed in the students during their examination period, and TA could significantly alter the oral microbial composition, decrease beneficial microbes, and promote potential pathogenic oral microbes.
考试焦虑对医学生口腔微生物群的影响--一项试点研究
考试焦虑(TA)是学生在考试期间的一种常见情绪。考试引起的压力会显著影响学生的情绪,并限制他们的成绩。精神压力是显著改变肠道微生物组成的关键因素,但很少有报道关注TA与口腔微生物组成之间的相关性。本研究旨在探讨TA对学生口腔微生物群组成的影响。本研究的对象是医科学生,他们通常比普通本科生面临更繁重的课业负担。28名女生和19名男生参加了本研究,年龄在18-30岁之间。研究人员在期末考试前、考试中和考试后收集了调查问卷和唾液样本。根据问卷得分,焦虑程度分为正常、轻度、中度和重度。此外,还使用 16S 扩增子测序法分析了口腔微生物的组成。半数以上的学生在考试前后面临不同程度的焦虑。超过四分之三的学生在考试期间表现出焦虑,四分之一的学生有严重的焦虑症。16S 测序数据显示,在所有三个调查时段中,有 "TA "和没有 "TA "的学生之间,"TA "明显改变了口腔微生物的组成。此外,在考试期间,口腔有益菌中的罗氏菌属和链球菌属在有 TA 的学生中明显减少。另一方面,潜在的致病菌属,如普雷沃茨菌属、镰刀菌属和嗜血杆菌属,在有 TA 的学生中明显增加。TA对口腔微生物的影响在学生中表现出性别差异。学生在考试期间的 TA 比例较高,TA 可明显改变口腔微生物的组成,减少有益微生物,增加潜在的口腔致病微生物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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