Dependence of Virial Factors on Optical Spectral Properties of Active Galactic Nuclei

Sen Yang, Pu Du and Jian-Min Wang
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Abstract

Reverberation mapping (RM) has long been a powerful tool for measuring the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), but the precision of these mass measurements depends on the so-called virial factors. It has been demonstrated that the virial factors exhibit significant diversity, spanning approximately 1–2 orders of magnitude across different AGNs. However, the underlying physical drivers for the diversity have not yet been finalized. Here, adopting the SMBH mass–spheroid luminosity relations of inactive galaxies with different bulge classifications, we calibrate the virial factors corresponding to the AGNs with pseudobulges (PBs) and classical bulges (or elliptical hosts, CBs) using the latest nearby RM sample. We investigate the correlations between virial factors and the AGN spectral properties, and find that for both PB and CB samples, the FWHM-based virial factors exhibit significant anticorrelations with the emission-line widths and profiles, while the σline-based virial factors only show moderate anticorrelations with line widths for PBs. We attribute these correlations mainly to the inclination angle or opening angle of the broad-line regions. Moreover, we establish new relations to give more precise virial factors and, in combination with the latest iron-corrected radius–luminosity relation, tentatively develop new single-epoch estimators of SMBH masses, which enable more accurate measurements of SMBH masses in large AGN samples.
室温系数与活动星系核光学光谱特性的关系
长期以来,混响绘图(RM)一直是测量活动星系核(AGN)中心超大质量黑洞(SMBH)质量的有力工具,但这些质量测量的精度取决于所谓的病毒因子。研究表明,新月因子呈现出显著的多样性,在不同的 AGN 中大约跨越 1-2 个数量级。然而,造成这种多样性的基本物理驱动因素尚未最终确定。在这里,我们采用了具有不同凸起分类的非活动星系的SMBH质量-球面光度关系,并利用最新的邻近RM样本校准了具有伪凸起(PBs)和经典凸起(或椭圆宿主,CBs)的AGN对应的病毒因子。我们研究了病毒因子与 AGN 光谱特性之间的相关性,发现对于 PB 和 CB 样本,基于 FWHM 的病毒因子与发射线宽和剖面表现出显著的反相关性,而对于 PB,基于 σ 线的病毒因子仅与线宽表现出适度的反相关性。我们将这些相关性主要归因于宽线区的倾角或开口角。此外,我们还建立了新的关系,给出了更精确的virial系数,并结合最新的铁校正半径-光度关系,初步建立了新的SMBH质量单倍估计值,从而能够更精确地测量大型AGN样本中的SMBH质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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