Enhanced security in lossless audio encryption using zigzag scrambling, DNA coding, SHA-256, and hopfield networks: a practical vlc system implementation

IF 3 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Sorel Bagio Nono Fotso, William Nodem Atchoffo, Armand C. Nzeukou, Jimmi Hervé Talla Mbé
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Abstract

This paper presents a novel lossless audio encryption algorithm based on a modified zigzag scrambling technique, SHA-256, DNA coding, cipher block chaining (CBC) mode, and the delayed Hopfield neural network (HNN). The algorithm mainly includes the scrambling and diffusion stages. In the scrambling stage, the audio signal is converted into a square matrix on which the modified zigzag scrambling technique is applied. Then follows the confusion stage in which bit-level permutation, DNA coding, and CBC mode are applied successively. Besides, the delayed HNN serving in the encryption process is controlled by the plain audio signal through the hash function SHA-256 to resist differential attack. The proposed algorithm has been assessed on ten audio signals using more than fourteen performance measures. Compare to the state-of-the-art, the obtained results show better performances. Indeed, higher resistance to differential attack is obtained; this is seen through higher values of number of sample change rate (NSCR) and unified average changing intensity (UACI). Also, more disorder is detected in the encrypted audio signal through higher values of the information entropy. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm possesses a larger key space arising from the high number of parameters of the delayed HNN, which results in a higher resistance to brute force attacks. A real-life implementation of the proposed encryption technique is achieved with a visible light communication (VLC) system; this highlights its feasibility and effectiveness in securing optical wireless communication systems.

Abstract Image

使用之字形加扰、DNA 编码、SHA-256 和 hopfield 网络增强无损音频加密的安全性:一个实用的 vlc 系统实现方案
本文提出了一种新型无损音频加密算法,该算法基于改进的之字形加扰技术、SHA-256、DNA 编码、密码块链(CBC)模式和延迟 Hopfield 神经网络(HNN)。该算法主要包括加扰和扩散两个阶段。在加扰阶段,音频信号被转换成一个正方形矩阵,在该矩阵上应用改进的之字形加扰技术。然后是混淆阶段,依次应用比特级排列、DNA 编码和 CBC 模式。此外,加密过程中的延迟 HNN 通过哈希函数 SHA-256 由纯音频信号控制,以抵御差分攻击。我们使用超过 14 项性能指标对所提出的算法在 10 个音频信号上进行了评估。与最先进的算法相比,所获得的结果显示出更好的性能。事实上,该算法具有更强的抗差分攻击能力,这体现在更高的采样变化率(NSCR)和统一平均变化强度(UACI)值上。此外,通过更高的信息熵值,加密音频信号中的无序性也被检测到。此外,由于延迟 HNN 的参数数量较多,因此所提出的算法具有更大的密钥空间,从而能更有效地抵御暴力攻击。在可见光通信(VLC)系统中实现了拟议加密技术的实际应用;这突出了其在确保光无线通信系统安全方面的可行性和有效性。
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来源期刊
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Multimedia Tools and Applications 工程技术-工程:电子与电气
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
16.70%
发文量
2439
审稿时长
9.2 months
期刊介绍: Multimedia Tools and Applications publishes original research articles on multimedia development and system support tools as well as case studies of multimedia applications. It also features experimental and survey articles. The journal is intended for academics, practitioners, scientists and engineers who are involved in multimedia system research, design and applications. All papers are peer reviewed. Specific areas of interest include: - Multimedia Tools: - Multimedia Applications: - Prototype multimedia systems and platforms
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