Benjamin H. Jenkins, Estelle S. Kilias, Fiona R. Savory, Megan E. S. Soerensen, Camille Poirier, Victoria Attah, Georgia C. Drew, Josephine Blagrave, Luis J. Galindo, Guy Leonard, Duncan D. Cameron, Michael A. Brockhurst, David S. Milner, Thomas A. Richards
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Endosymbiosis was a key factor in the evolution of eukaryotic cellular complexity. Yet the mechanisms that allow host regulation of intracellular symbionts, a pre-requisite for stable endosymbiosis and subsequent organelle evolution, are largely unknown. Here, we describe an immune-like glycan-sensing/processing network, partly assembled through horizontal gene-transfers (HGTs), that enables Paramecium bursaria to control its green algal endosymbionts. Using phylogenetics, RNA-interference (RNAi), and metabolite exposure experiments, we show that P. bursaria regulates endosymbiont destruction using glycan-sensing/processing - a system that includes a eukaryotic-wide chitin-binding chitinase-like protein (CLP) localized to the host phago-lysosome. RNAi of CLP alters expression of eight host glycan-processing genes, including two prokaryote-derived HGTs, during endosymbiont destruction. Furthermore, glycan-sensing/processing dynamically regulates endosymbiont number in P. bursaria, plasticity crucial to maximize host fitness across ecological conditions. CLP is homologous to a human phagocyte-associated innate immune factor, revealing how immune functions can be alternatively adapted and expanded, partly through HGT, enabling endosymbiotic control.