{"title":"In-beam gamma rays of CSNS Back-n characterized by black resonance filter","authors":"Jin-Cheng Wang, Jie Ren, Wei Jiang, Xi-Chao Ruan, Ying-Yi Liu, Hao-Lan Yang, Kuo-Zhi Xu, Xin-Yi Pan, Qi Sun, Jie Bao, Han-Xiong Huang, Hao-Fan Bai, Jiang-Bo Bai, Ping Cao, Qi-Ping Chen, Yong-Hao Chen, Wen-Hao Duan, An-Chuan Fan, Rui-Rui Fan, Chang-Qing Feng, Min-Hao Gu, Chang-Cai Han, Zi-Jie Han, Guo-Zhu He, Yong-Cheng He, Yang Hong, Yi-Wei Hu, Zhi-Jie Jiang, Ling Kang, Chang-Lin Lan, Bo Li, Feng Li, Qiang Li, Xiao Li, Yang Li, Jie Liu, Rong Liu, Shu-Bin Liu, Yi-Na Liu, Guang-Yuan Luan, Chang-Jun Ning, Yi-Jia Qiu, Wen-Kai Ren, Zhi-Zhou Ren, Zhao-Hui Song, Kang Sun, Zhi-Xin Tan, Jing-Yu Tang, Sheng-Da Tang, Li-Jiao Wang, Peng-Cheng Wang, Zhao-Hui Wang, Zhong-Wei Wen, Xiao-Guang Wu, Xuan Wu, Ze-Peng Wu, Cong Xia, Li-Kun Xie, Han Yi, Tao Yu, Yong-Ji Yu, Guo-Hui Zhang, Hang-Chang Zhang, Qi-Wei Zhang, Xian-Peng Zhang, Yu-Liang Zhang, Zhi-Yong Zhang, Mao-Yuan Zhao, Zhi-Hao Zhou, Ke-Jun Zhu, Chong Zou","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01553-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The back-streaming white-neutron beamline (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutron-research platform built for the study of nuclear data, neutron physics, and neutron applications. Many types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early 2018. These measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron beam. These gamma rays, commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays, can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction measurements. Studying the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental background. However, measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons; thus, discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is difficult. In this study, we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a <span>\\(\\hbox {CeBr}_{3}\\)</span> scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n. Four types of black resonance filters, <sup>181</sup>Ta, <sup>59</sup>Co, <sup>nat</sup>Ag, and <sup>nat</sup>Cd, were used in this measurement. The time-of-flight (TOF) technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra, which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma rays. The energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the <span>\\(\\hbox {CeBr}_{3}\\)</span> scintillation detector and using Monte Carlo simulations. Based on the results of this study, the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated, which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01553-8","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The back-streaming white-neutron beamline (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutron-research platform built for the study of nuclear data, neutron physics, and neutron applications. Many types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early 2018. These measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron beam. These gamma rays, commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays, can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction measurements. Studying the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental background. However, measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons; thus, discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is difficult. In this study, we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a \(\hbox {CeBr}_{3}\) scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n. Four types of black resonance filters, 181Ta, 59Co, natAg, and natCd, were used in this measurement. The time-of-flight (TOF) technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra, which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma rays. The energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the \(\hbox {CeBr}_{3}\) scintillation detector and using Monte Carlo simulations. Based on the results of this study, the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated, which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.
期刊介绍:
Nuclear Science and Techniques (NST) reports scientific findings, technical advances and important results in the fields of nuclear science and techniques. The aim of this periodical is to stimulate cross-fertilization of knowledge among scientists and engineers working in the fields of nuclear research.
Scope covers the following subjects:
• Synchrotron radiation applications, beamline technology;
• Accelerator, ray technology and applications;
• Nuclear chemistry, radiochemistry, radiopharmaceuticals, nuclear medicine;
• Nuclear electronics and instrumentation;
• Nuclear physics and interdisciplinary research;
• Nuclear energy science and engineering.