Grid-integrated solutions for sustainable EV charging: a comparative study of renewable energy and battery storage systems

IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Anis ur Rehman, Haris M. Khalid, S. M. Muyeen
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Abstract

IntroductionThe integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the power network challenges the 1) grid capacity, 2) stability, and 3) management. This is due to the 1) increased peak demand, 2) infrastructure strain, and 3) intermittent charging patterns. Previous studies lack comprehensive integration of renewable energy and battery storage with EV charging.MethodsTo address these challenges, this study explores the effectiveness of incorporating renewable energy resources (RERs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) alongside the traditional grid. The proposed study utilizes the HOMER Grid® and conducted a comprehensive analysis.ResultsThe proposed study compares two grid integrated scenarios: 1) Case-1 (grid and photovoltaic (PV) systems), and 2) Case-2 (grid, PV systems, and BESS). Both these scenarios are compared against a Base case relying solely on grid power. The evaluation employed techno-economic analysis while focusing on 1) net present cost (NPC), 2) cost of energy, and 3) annualized savings. Additionally, the proposed study analyzed 4) seasonal variations in EV charging demand, 5) grid interactions, 6) PV production, and 7) the operation of BESS in both summer and winter. The comparative analysis reveals that the Base case incurs a net present cost (NPC) of $546,977 and a cost of energy (COE) of $0.354 per kWh. In contrast, Case-1, which integrates a 100 kW PV system, shows a significantly lower NPC of -$122,962 and a reduced COE of -$0.043 per kWh, with annualized savings of $61,492. Case-2, incorporating both the 100 kW PV system and a BESS with a capacity of 9.8 kWh, has a higher NPC of $309,667 but a COE of $0.112 per kWh and provides annual savings of $51,233 compared to the Base case.DiscussionSeasonal analysis highlights that Case-2 achieves the lowest carbon emissions in summer, ranging from 2.0 to 2.5 tons, while Case-1 shows the lowest emissions in winter, ranging from 3.2 to 3.4 tons. This model 1) reduces operational costs, 2) minimizes carbon emissions, while 3) making it compelling for future energy systems in increasing EV adoption.
可持续电动汽车充电的电网集成解决方案:可再生能源和电池存储系统比较研究
导言电动汽车(EV)融入电网对 1) 电网容量、2) 稳定性和 3) 管理提出了挑战。这是由于:1)峰值需求增加;2)基础设施紧张;3)间歇性充电模式。为了应对这些挑战,本研究探讨了将可再生能源(RER)和电池储能系统(BESS)与传统电网结合的有效性。本研究利用 HOMER Grid® 进行了全面分析:1) 案例-1(电网和光伏系统),以及 2) 案例-2(电网、光伏系统和 BESS)。这两种方案都与完全依靠电网供电的基本方案进行了比较。评估采用了技术经济分析,重点关注 1) 净现值成本 (NPC)、2) 能源成本和 3) 年节约率。此外,建议的研究还分析了 4) 电动汽车充电需求的季节性变化、5) 电网互动、6) 光伏发电以及 7) BESS 在夏季和冬季的运行。比较分析表明,基础案例产生的净现值成本 (NPC) 为 546,977 美元,能源成本 (COE) 为每千瓦时 0.354 美元。相比之下,整合了 100 千瓦光伏系统的案例-1 的净现值成本大幅降低,为-122,962 美元,每千瓦时的 COE 降低为-0.043 美元,每年可节省 61,492 美元。讨论季节性分析显示,案例 2 在夏季的碳排放量最低,为 2.0 至 2.5 吨,而案例 1 在冬季的碳排放量最低,为 3.2 至 3.4 吨。这种模式 1) 降低了运营成本,2) 最大限度地减少了碳排放,3) 使其成为未来能源系统提高电动汽车采用率的有力工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Energy Research
Frontiers in Energy Research Economics, Econometrics and Finance-Economics and Econometrics
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
11.80%
发文量
1727
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Energy Research makes use of the unique Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking for scientists, which provides an equal opportunity to seek, share and create knowledge. The mission of Frontiers is to place publishing back in the hands of working scientists and to promote an interactive, fair, and efficient review process. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria
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