Emotional contexts influence vocal individuality in ungulates

Anna N. Osiecka, Romain Lefevre, Elodie F. Briefer
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Abstract

To group-living animals, such as most ungulates, being able to recognise the members of one's social groups is crucial. While vocalisations often carry cues to identity, they are also impacted by the affective state of the caller, with signals often becoming more chaotic in contexts of negative valence or high arousal. How might this influence vocal individuality - and is there a pattern across taxa? To understand how the individual information content is maintained over emotionally charged contexts, we studied putatively negative and positive contact calls of seven ungulate species: cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, wild boars, horses, and Przewalski's horses. Calls were classified to individuals using linear and machine learning methods, and their information content assessed using Beecher's statistic and the Potential of Individuality Coding. In most species, calls could be reliably classified to the caller within and across affective states. While there was no uniform pattern in information content change between valences across species, some species showed a pronounced increase in individuality in either positive or negative situations. In each of the species, at least one acoustic parameter was a reliable indicator of individuality across contexts. Our results suggest that different coding strategies may be present across taxa, and imply that individual vocal recognition requires acoustic stability of certain important parameters. These findings reveal a nuanced role of affective communication in maintaining social bonds among socially complex animals.
情绪环境影响有蹄类动物的发声个性
对于群居动物(如大多数有蹄类动物)来说,能够识别自己社会群体的成员至关重要。虽然发声通常带有身份线索,但它们也会受到发声者情绪状态的影响,在负面情绪或高度兴奋的情况下,发声信号通常会变得更加混乱。这将如何影响声音的个体性--不同类群之间是否存在这种模式?为了了解个体信息内容是如何在情绪激动的情况下保持的,我们研究了七种有蹄类动物的假定消极和积极接触性叫声:牛、山羊、绵羊、猪、野猪、马和普氏马。我们使用线性和机器学习方法对呼叫进行了个体分类,并使用比彻统计量和个体编码潜力评估了呼叫的信息含量。在大多数物种中,无论在何种情感状态下,都能可靠地将叫声归类到呼叫者。虽然不同物种在不同情绪之间的信息含量变化没有统一的模式,但有些物种在积极或消极情绪下的个体性明显增加。在每个物种中,至少有一个声学参数是不同情境下个体性的可靠指标。我们的研究结果表明,不同类群之间可能存在不同的编码策略,这意味着个体声音识别需要某些重要参数的声学稳定性。这些发现揭示了情感交流在维持社会复杂动物之间的社会纽带方面所起的微妙作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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