New fungal primers reveal the diversity of Mucoromycotinian arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their response to nitrogen application

IF 6.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Mirjam Seeliger, Sally Hilton, George Muscatt, Christopher Walker, David Bass, Felipe Albornoz, Rachel J. Standish, Neil D. Gray, Louis Mercy, Leonidas Rempelos, Carolin Schneider, Megan H. Ryan, Paul E. Bilsborrow, Gary D. Bending
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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are the most widespread terrestrial symbiosis and are both a key determinant of plant health and a major contributor to ecosystem processes through their role in biogeochemical cycling. Until recently, it was assumed that the fungi which form AM comprise the subphylum Glomeromycotina (G-AMF), and our understanding of the diversity and ecosystem roles of AM is based almost exclusively on this group. However recent evidence shows that fungi which form the distinctive 'fine root endophyte’ (FRE) AM morphotype are members of the subphylum Mucoromycotina (M-AMF), so that AM symbioses are actually formed by two distinct groups of fungi. We investigated the influence of nitrogen (N) addition and wheat variety on the assembly of AM communities under field conditions. Visual assessment of roots showed co-occurrence of G-AMF and M-AMF, providing an opportunity to compare the responses of these two groups. Existing ‘AM’ 18S rRNA primers which co-amplify G-AMF and M-AMF were modified to reduce bias against Mucoromycotina, and compared against a new ‘FRE’ primer set which selectively amplifies Mucoromycotina. Using the AM-primers, no significant effect of either N-addition or wheat variety on G-AMF or M-AMF diversity or community composition was detected. In contrast, using the FRE-primers, N-addition was shown to reduce M-AMF diversity and altered community composition. The ASV which responded to N-addition were closely related, demonstrating a clear phylogenetic signal which was identified only by the new FRE-primers. The most abundant Mucoromycotina sequences we detected belonged to the same Endogonales clades as dominant sequences associated with FRE morphology in Australia, indicating that closely related M-AMF may be globally distributed. The results demonstrate the need to consider both G-AMF and M-AMF when investigating AM communities, and highlight the importance of primer choice when investigating AMF community dynamics.
新的真菌引物揭示了粘菌属丛枝菌根真菌的多样性及其对施氮的反应
丛枝菌根(AM)是最广泛的陆生共生关系,既是植物健康的关键决定因素,也通过其在生物地球化学循环中的作用对生态系统过程做出了重要贡献。直到最近,人们还认为形成 AM 的真菌包括团扇菌亚门(G-AMF),我们对 AM 的多样性和生态系统作用的了解几乎完全建立在这一群体的基础上。然而,最近的证据表明,形成独特的 "细根内生菌"(FRE)AM 形态的真菌属于粘菌亚门(M-AMF),因此 AM 共生实际上是由两类不同的真菌形成的。我们研究了在田间条件下,氮(N)添加量和小麦品种对 AM 群落组装的影响。对根部的目测显示,G-AMF 和 M-AMF 同时存在,这为比较这两类真菌的反应提供了机会。现有的 "AM "18S rRNA 引物可共同扩增 G-AMF 和 M-AMF,我们对其进行了修改,以减少对黏菌的偏差,并将其与新的 "FRE "引物组进行比较,后者可选择性地扩增黏菌。使用 AM 引物,没有发现添加氮或小麦品种对 G-AMF 或 M-AMF 多样性或群落组成有明显影响。相反,使用 FRE-引物则表明,添加氮会降低 M-AMF 的多样性并改变群落组成。对添加 N 有反应的 ASV 关系密切,这表明只有新的 FRE-引物才能识别出明显的系统发生学信号。我们检测到的最丰富的粘菌序列与澳大利亚与 FRE 形态相关的主要序列属于同一内生菌科支系,这表明密切相关的 M-AMF 可能分布于全球。研究结果表明,在研究 AM 群落时需要同时考虑 G-AMF 和 M-AMF,并强调了在研究 AMF 群落动态时引物选择的重要性。
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来源期刊
Environmental Microbiome
Environmental Microbiome Immunology and Microbiology-Microbiology
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
2.50%
发文量
55
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Microorganisms, omnipresent across Earth's diverse environments, play a crucial role in adapting to external changes, influencing Earth's systems and cycles, and contributing significantly to agricultural practices. Through applied microbiology, they offer solutions to various everyday needs. Environmental Microbiome recognizes the universal presence and significance of microorganisms, inviting submissions that explore the diverse facets of environmental and applied microbiological research.
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