Intraguild Predation or Spatial Separation? The efficacy and Interactions of Two Natural Enemy Species for the Biological Control of Pear Psyllid (Cacopsylla pyri)

IF 1 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY
Laura A. Reeves, Michelle T. Fountain, Michael P. D. Garratt, Deepa Senapathi
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Abstract

Pear psyllid (Cacopsylla pyri) is a persistent pest to the pear industry; with an estimated cost of £5 million per annum in the UK alone. This phloem feeding insect is resistant to a large proportion of approved pesticides, necessitating the use of alternative control strategies. Many pear growers practice integrated pest management (IPM) of pear psyllid, focusing on maximizing natural enemy populations, whilst minimizing the use of agrochemical sprays. The anthocorid Anthocoris nemoralis and the European earwig Forficula auricularia are particularly effective at controlling pear psyllid populations during the summer months. Despite the effectiveness of both natural enemies, there is a lack of understanding on whether both species should be promoted together or separately, due to the risk of intraguild predation (IGP) or interference competition. Furthermore, abiotic factors including temperature may influence both behaviors, altering activity level and niche overlap. Although IGP and interference competition have been documented between multiple species of natural enemies neither have been studied between these two specific predators. Using microcosm experiments, olfactometer assays and survival analyses this study demonstrated whether A. nemoralis and F. auricularia can be used in synchrony to control pear psyllid. Results indicated that IGP is present; F. auricularia will consume A. nemoralis when predators are not spatially separate and in absence of psyllid prey. There was no evidence for interference competition, although both predators consumed more prey at higher temperatures. This confirms that pear growers can encourage both predators for the control of pear psyllid without losing predation efficacy.

Abstract Image

群落内捕食还是空间隔离?两种天敌物种在梨木虱生物防治中的功效和相互作用
梨木虱(Cacopsylla pyri)是梨产业的一种顽固害虫,仅在英国,每年的虫害损失估计就达 500 万英镑。这种以韧皮部为食的昆虫对大部分已获批准的杀虫剂具有抗药性,因此必须使用替代控制策略。许多梨树种植者对梨木虱实行虫害综合防治(IPM),重点是最大限度地增加天敌数量,同时最大限度地减少农用化学品喷洒的使用。炭疽天敌 Anthocoris nemoralis 和欧洲蠼 Forficula auricularia 在夏季控制梨木虱的数量特别有效。尽管这两种天敌都很有效,但由于存在虫群内捕食(IGP)或干扰竞争的风险,人们对这两种天敌是应该同时推广还是分开推广还缺乏了解。此外,包括温度在内的非生物因素可能会影响这两种行为,改变活动水平和生态位重叠。虽然多种天敌之间的IGP和干扰竞争都有记录,但这两种特定捕食者之间的IGP和干扰竞争都没有被研究过。本研究利用微生态环境实验、嗅觉测定和存活率分析,证明了是否可以同时使用 A. nemoralis 和 F. auricularia 来控制梨木虱。结果表明,IGP 是存在的;当捕食者在空间上不分开且没有梨木虱猎物时,F. auricularia 会吃掉 A. nemoralis。虽然两种捕食者在较高温度下会消耗更多的猎物,但没有证据表明存在干扰竞争。这证明梨树种植者可以鼓励两种捕食者同时控制梨木虱,而不会失去捕食效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Insect Behavior
Journal of Insect Behavior 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
16
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Insect Behavior offers peer-reviewed research articles and short critical reviews on all aspects of the behavior of insects and other terrestrial arthropods such as spiders, centipedes, millipedes, and isopods. An internationally renowned editorial board discusses technological innovations and new developments in the field, emphasizing topics such as behavioral ecology, motor patterns and recognition, and genetic determinants.
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