Mechanical Profiling of Biopolymer Condensates through Acoustic Trapping

Kichitaro Nakajima, Tomas Sneideris, Lydia L. Good, Nadia Aicha Erkamp, Hirotsugu Ogi, Tuomas Knowles
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Abstract

Characterizing the mechanical properties of single colloids is a central problem in soft matter physics. It also plays a key role in cell biology through biopolymer condensates, which function as membraneless compartments. Such systems can also malfunction, leading to the onset of a number of diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases; the functional and pathological condensates are commonly differentiated by their mechanical signature. Probing the mechanical properties of biopolymer condensates at the single particle level has, however, remained challenging. In this study, we demonstrate that acoustic trapping can be used to profile the mechanical properties of single condensates in a contactless manner. We find that acoustic fields exert the acoustic radiation force on condensates, leading to their migration to a trapping point where acoustic potential energy is minimized. Furthermore, our results show that the Brownian motion fluctuation of condensates in an acoustic potential well is an accurate probe for their bulk modulus. We demonstrate that this framework can detect the change in the bulk modulus of polyadenylic acid condensates in response to changes in environmental conditions. Our results show that acoustic trapping opens up a novel path to profile the mechanical properties of soft colloids at the single particle level in a non-invasive manner with applications in biology, materials science, and beyond.
通过声学捕获对生物聚合物凝结物进行机械剖面分析
表征单个胶体的机械特性是软物质物理学的一个核心问题。它还通过生物聚合物凝聚体在细胞生物学中发挥关键作用,生物聚合物凝聚体具有无膜隔室的功能。这种系统也可能发生故障,导致多种疾病的发生,包括许多神经退行性疾病;功能性凝聚体和病理凝聚体通常通过其机械特征来区分。然而,在单颗粒水平探测生物聚合物凝聚体的机械特性仍然具有挑战性。在这项研究中,我们证明了声学捕集可用于以非接触方式剖析单个凝聚体的机械特性。我们发现,声场会对凝聚体施加声辐射力,导致它们迁移到声势能最小的捕集点。此外,我们的研究结果表明,冷凝物在声势阱中的布朗运动波动是对其体积模量的精确探测。我们证明了这一框架可以检测多腺苷酸凝聚体的体积模量随环境条件变化而发生的变化。我们的研究结果表明,声学捕集开辟了一条新的途径,可以在单颗粒水平上以非侵入的方式剖析软胶体的机械特性,并将其应用于生物学、材料科学等领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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