Important Results of Different Experiments in Searching for Dark Matter Using Germanium and Silicon Detectors: A Comprehensive Review for Detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles

Abstract

Dark matter plays a crucial role in our comprehension of the universe, but its mysterious nature poses challenges for direct detection. A primary obstacle in detecting dark matter is distinguishing genuine signals from the prevailing electromagnetic background. Germanium and Silicon detectors have emerged as effective instruments in the pursuit of dark matter detection. Their minimal radioactive backgrounds, substantial active volumes, and efficient rejection mechanisms have significantly advanced our understanding of dark matter and its scattering cross section limits. Numerous experiments employing these detectors have yielded valuable insights into the properties of dark matter. Scientists have investigated potential dark matter candidates like Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and evaluated their probability of being dark matter particles based on observed scattering cross sections. This review consolidates the findings from significant experiments, encompassing possible candidates and their likelihood of being dark matter particles. It also recognizes the limitations of dark matter scattering cross section by assessing progress in this field, detector technologies, experimental outcomes, and future prospects.