Development of single and dual crop coefficients for drip-irrigated broccoli using weighing type field lysimeters in semi-arid environment

IF 4.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment, Development and Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1007/s10668-024-05416-5

Jitendra Rajput, Man Singh, K. Lal, Manoj Khanna, A. Sarangi, J. Mukherjee, Shrawan Singh, Dimple

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Abstract

Estimating crop evapotranspiration is critical in effective planning and management of irrigation systems. Accurate estimation of crop water use may aid in achieving economic and environmental benefits by optimizing water resources. Thus, the current investigation aimed to quantify crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) & develop single (K_c) and dual crop coefficients for Rabi broccoli. Thus, a 2 years field study was conducted during Rabi 2016–17 and 2017–18 by employing weighing type field lysimeter in a semi-arid climatic condition. Results revealed that, seasonal broccoli ET_c was 149 mm (mm) and 144 mm during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 crop periods, respectively. The K_c values during Rabi 2016–17 were 0.68, 0.84, 1.04, and 0.94 for initial stage (IS), development stage (DS), mid-season stage (MS), and late season stage (LS), respectively. Similarly, in 2017–18, the K_c was found to be 0.67, 0.82, 1.03, and 0.93 during IS, DS, MS, and LS, respectively. In dual crop coefficient approach, the basal crop coefficient (K_cb) was 0.30, 0.66, 0.97 and 0.84 and the soil evaporation coefficient (K_e) was 0.42, 0.23, 0.18 and 0.23 for IS, DS, MS, and LS, respectively. While, during Rabi 2017–18, the K_cb was 0.30, 0.65, 0.98 and 0.85 and K_e found to be 0.41, 0.23, 0.18 and 0.22 for IS, DS, MS and LS, respectively. Study found that the developed crop coefficients were lesser than the food and agriculture organization (FAO) values and thus the precise crop water estimation can be possible utilizing the developed coefficients in the semi-arid climate. The developed regional broccoli crop coefficients may be utilized to improve water productivity in semi-arid environments through meticulous irrigation scheduling. The developed technological knowledge would lead to saving of precious irrigation water with optimal crop production and have environmental benefits by reducing the irrigation water need.

Graphical abstract

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在半干旱环境中利用称重式田间溶液仪开发滴灌西兰花的单作物和双作物系数

估算作物蒸散量对于有效规划和管理灌溉系统至关重要。准确估算作物用水量有助于通过优化水资源实现经济和环境效益。因此，目前的调查旨在量化作物蒸散量（ETc）及样本，并开发 Rabi 西兰花的单作物系数（Kc）和双作物系数。因此，在 2016-17 年和 2017-18 年的 Rabi 期间，在半干旱气候条件下采用称重式田间蒸渗仪进行了为期两年的田间研究。结果显示，在2016-2017年和2017-2018年作物期，季节性西兰花ETc分别为149毫米（mm）和144毫米（mm）。2016-17 年 Rabi 期间，初期（IS）、发育期（DS）、中期（MS）和后期（LS）的 Kc 值分别为 0.68、0.84、1.04 和 0.94。同样，在 2017-18 年，IS、DS、MS 和 LS 期的 Kc 分别为 0.67、0.82、1.03 和 0.93。在双作物系数法中，IS、DS、MS 和 LS 的基础作物系数（Kcb）分别为 0.30、0.66、0.97 和 0.84，土壤蒸发系数（Ke）分别为 0.42、0.23、0.18 和 0.23。而在 2017-18 年 Rabi 期间，IS、DS、MS 和 LS 的 Kcb 分别为 0.30、0.65、0.98 和 0.85，Ke 分别为 0.41、0.23、0.18 和 0.22。研究发现，所开发的作物系数小于联合国粮农组织（FAO）的数值，因此在半干旱气候条件下可以利用所开发的系数对作物水分进行精确估算。利用所开发的区域西兰花作物系数，可通过精细的灌溉调度提高半干旱环境下的水分生产率。所开发的技术知识将通过优化作物生产节约宝贵的灌溉用水，并通过减少灌溉用水需求对环境产生益处。

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来源期刊

Environment, Development and Sustainability Economics, Econometrics and Finance-Economics and Econometrics

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

6.10%

发文量

754

期刊介绍： Environment, Development and Sustainability is an international and multidisciplinary journal covering all aspects of the environmental impacts of socio-economic development. It is also concerned with the complex interactions which occur between development and environment, and its purpose is to seek ways and means for achieving sustainability in all human activities aimed at such development. The subject matter of the journal includes the following and related issues: -mutual interactions among society, development and environment, and their implications for sustainable development -technical, economic, ethical and philosophical aspects of sustainable development -global sustainability - the obstacles and ways in which they could be overcome -local and regional sustainability initiatives, their practical implementation, and relevance for use in a wider context -development and application of indicators of sustainability -development, verification, implementation and monitoring of policies for sustainable development -sustainable use of land, water, energy and biological resources in development -impacts of agriculture and forestry activities on soil and aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity -effects of energy use and global climate change on development and sustainability -impacts of population growth and human activities on food and other essential resources for development -role of national and international agencies, and of international aid and trade arrangements in sustainable development -social and cultural contexts of sustainable development -role of education and public awareness in sustainable development -role of political and economic instruments in sustainable development -shortcomings of sustainable development and its alternatives.