Assessing non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep: psychometric properties of the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep scale in Portuguese samples

Miguel Tecedeiro, Cátia Reis, João Marôco
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Abstract

To adapt the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep (CATS) scale, the only self-assessment instrument measuring non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep, into Portuguese and to study its psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample. A sample of 1858 participants, recruited through non-probabilistic methods, was randomly split in two subsamples; one was used to develop the CATS model, the other for testing model invariance. We used structural equation models to assess factorial validity, measurement invariance, and relationships with other variables (e.g., the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire) through confirmatory factorial analysis and causal models using a robust maximum likelihood method with Satorra-Bentler correction. The CATS factorial model showed excellent evidence of factorial validity (robust CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.979, SRMR = 0.026, RMSEA = 0.043), good reliability indicators (α and ώ1 > 0.75), and strict invariance of measurement (|∆CFI|< 0.01). CATS factors were weak-to-moderate predictors of sleep behaviors (β < 0.4). The scale showed evidence of divergent validity with the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire. Some items had significant sensitivity problems and/or did not have adequate factorial weights and had to be dropped from the model. The CATS is a new and promising scale with solid evidence of validity in terms of internal structure, but with sensitivity issues at item level. Further work should be carried out at item level to increase sensitivity and predictive validity, and further research with other samples, such as clinical sleep medicine patients, should be conducted.
评估非功能性睡眠态度:夏洛特睡眠态度量表在葡萄牙样本中的心理测量特性
将夏洛特睡眠态度量表(CATS)改编成葡萄牙语,并研究其在葡萄牙样本中的心理测量特性。该量表是测量非功能性睡眠态度的唯一自我评估工具。通过非概率方法招募的 1858 名参与者随机分为两个子样本,一个用于开发 CATS 模型,另一个用于测试模型不变性。我们使用结构方程模型来评估因子效度、测量不变性以及与其他变量(如卡罗林斯卡睡眠问卷)的关系,具体方法包括确认性因子分析,以及使用稳健最大似然法和萨托拉-本特勒校正法建立因果模型。CATS 因子模型显示出极佳的因子有效性(稳健 CFI = 0.987、TLI = 0.979、SRMR = 0.026、RMSEA = 0.043)、良好的可靠性指标(α 和 ώ1 > 0.75)以及严格的测量不变性(|ΔCFI|< 0.01)。CATS 各因子对睡眠行为的预测能力为弱至中等(β < 0.4)。该量表与卡罗林斯卡睡眠调查表之间存在差异效度。一些项目存在明显的敏感性问题,和/或没有足够的因子权重,因此不得不从模型中删除。CATS 是一种新型的、有前途的量表,在内部结构方面有可靠的有效性证据,但在项目层面存在敏感性问题。应在项目层面开展进一步工作,以提高灵敏度和预测有效性,并对其他样本(如临床睡眠医学患者)开展进一步研究。
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