Heavy Metals Analysis in the Vicinity of a Northcentral Nigeria Major Scrap-Iron Smelting Plant

IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Benjamin Toba Ogunlade, Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran, Khadijat Abdulkareem Abdulraheem, Emmanuel Toluwalope Odediran, Ayodele Sarat Atanda, Afeez Kolawole Oyeneye, Ridwan Adeola Akapo, Rafiu Olasunkanmi Yusuf
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Abstract

Scrap-iron smelting, a critical industry for metal recycling, is notorious for releasing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the environment. This study investigates pollution levels, sources, and health risks of ten PTEs (Fe, As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni) in indoor and outdoor areas surrounding a major scrap-iron recycling plant in northcentral Nigeria. The potential sources of studied PTEs pollution during the rainy and dry seasons were evaluated using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Ecological risk assessments of studied PTEs were conducted using different pollution indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (Cf), Potential Ecological Risks Index (PERI), Nemerov Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI), and Nemerov Integrated Risk Index (NIRI). Out of the 10 PTEs studied, Cd had the highest pollution level and exhibited a high potential to cause cancer in children during the two seasons considered. Sources of PTEs identified for rainy season included recycling process, electronic waste, coal combustion, steel production, and other smelting activities whereas steel production, electronic waste, coal combustion, recycling process, and traffic emission contributed to the PTE levels obtained in the dry season. This study contributes to the understanding of the environmental impact of scrap-iron smelting operations and advocate for the implementation of sustainable practices that protect both human health and the environment.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

尼日利亚中北部一家大型废铁冶炼厂附近的重金属分析
废铁冶炼是金属回收利用的重要行业,因向环境释放潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 而臭名昭著。本研究调查了尼日利亚中北部一家大型废铁回收厂周围室内和室外区域的十种 PTEs(铁、砷、镉、锌、铜、锰、铅、铬、钴和镍)的污染水平、来源和健康风险。利用正矩阵因式分解(PMF)模型对所研究的 PTEs 在雨季和旱季的潜在污染源进行了评估。使用不同的污染指数对所研究的 PTEs 进行了生态风险评估,如富集因子 (EF)、地质累积指数 (Igeo)、污染因子 (Cf)、潜在生态风险指数 (PERI)、内梅罗夫综合污染指数 (NIPI) 和内梅罗夫综合风险指数 (NIRI)。在所研究的 10 种 PTE 中,镉的污染水平最高,在所考虑的两个季节中,镉都表现出很高的导致儿童癌症的可能性。雨季确定的 PTE 来源包括回收过程、电子废物、燃煤、钢铁生产和其他冶炼活动,而钢铁生产、电子废物、燃煤、回收过程和交通排放则是旱季 PTE 水平的来源。这项研究有助于了解废铁冶炼作业对环境的影响,并倡导实施既保护人类健康又保护环境的可持续做法。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
104
审稿时长
1.7 months
期刊介绍: International Journal of Environmental Research is a multidisciplinary journal concerned with all aspects of environment. In pursuit of these, environmentalist disciplines are invited to contribute their knowledge and experience. International Journal of Environmental Research publishes original research papers, research notes and reviews across the broad field of environment. These include but are not limited to environmental science, environmental engineering, environmental management and planning and environmental design, urban and regional landscape design and natural disaster management. Thus high quality research papers or reviews dealing with any aspect of environment are welcomed. Papers may be theoretical, interpretative or experimental.
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