Direct experimental observation of sub-poissonian photon statistics by means of multi-photon scattering on a two-level system

A. Yu. Dmitriev, A. V. Vasenin, S. A. Gunin, S. V. Remizov, A. A. Elistratov, W. V. Pogosov, O. V. Astafiev
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Abstract

A cascade of two-level superconducting artificial atoms -- a source and a probe -- strongly coupled to a semi-infinite waveguide is a promising tool for observing nontrivial phenomena in quantum nonlinear optics. The probe atom can scatter an antibunched radiation emitted from the source, thereby generating a field with specific properties. We experimentally demonstrate wave mixing between nonclassical light from the coherently cw-pumped source and another coherent wave acting on the probe. We observe unique features in the wave mixing stationary spectrum which differs from mixing spectrum of two classical waves on the probe. These features are well described by adapting the theory for a strongly coupled cascaded system of two atoms. We further analyze the theory to predict non-classical mixing spectra for various ratios of atoms' radiative constants. Both experimental and numerical results confirm the domination of multi-photon scattering process with only a single photon from the source. We evaluate entanglement of atoms in the quasistationary state and illustrate the connection between the expected second-order correlation function of source's field and wave mixing side peaks corresponding to a certain number of scattered photons.
通过两级系统上的多光子散射,直接实验观测亚极松光子统计量
与半无限波导强耦合的两级超导人造原子(源原子和探针原子)级联是观测量子非线性光学中的非微观现象的一种很有前途的工具。探针原子可以散射源发射的反束辐射,从而产生具有特定性质的场。我们在实验中演示了来自相干 cw-pumped 源的非经典光与作用在探针上的另一种相干波之间的混波。我们观察到波混合静态光谱的独特特征,它不同于探针上两个经典波的混合光谱。将该理论应用于两个原子的强耦合级联系统,可以很好地描述这些特征。我们进一步分析了该理论,以预测不同原子辐射常数比的非经典混合谱。实验和数值结果都证实了多光子散射过程只需来自光源的单光子即可实现。我们评估了原子在准稳态下的纠缠,并证明了源场的预期二阶相关函数与一定数量散射光子对应的波混合侧峰之间的联系。
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