{"title":"γδ T cells in immune-mediated kidney disease","authors":"Alex Waterhölter, Christian F. Krebs, Ulf Panzer","doi":"10.1002/eji.202451069","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immune-mediated kidney diseases, including glomerulonephritis (GN), represent a diverse spectrum of disorders characterized by inflammation within the glomerulus and other renal compartments. Despite recent advances, the immunopathogenesis of these diseases remains incompletely understood. Current therapeutic approaches based on nonspecific immunosuppression often result in suboptimal outcomes and significant side effects, highlighting the need for tailored interventions. The complexity of the immune system extends beyond classical T-cell immunity, with the emergence of unconventional T cells — γδ T cells, NKT cells, and MAIT cells — that exhibit a semi-invariant nature and unique functions that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. γδ T cells exhibit unique homing and activation mechanisms and respond to different ligands, implying a multifaceted role in immune regulation. The understanding of γδ T-cell involvement in kidney disease lags behind conventional T-cell research. However, advances in immune cell analysis technologies offer promising avenues for elucidating their precise functions. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on γδ T cells in renal diseases, explores potential therapeutic strategies, and presents a roadmap for future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":165,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Immunology","volume":"54 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eji.202451069","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.202451069","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Immune-mediated kidney diseases, including glomerulonephritis (GN), represent a diverse spectrum of disorders characterized by inflammation within the glomerulus and other renal compartments. Despite recent advances, the immunopathogenesis of these diseases remains incompletely understood. Current therapeutic approaches based on nonspecific immunosuppression often result in suboptimal outcomes and significant side effects, highlighting the need for tailored interventions. The complexity of the immune system extends beyond classical T-cell immunity, with the emergence of unconventional T cells — γδ T cells, NKT cells, and MAIT cells — that exhibit a semi-invariant nature and unique functions that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. γδ T cells exhibit unique homing and activation mechanisms and respond to different ligands, implying a multifaceted role in immune regulation. The understanding of γδ T-cell involvement in kidney disease lags behind conventional T-cell research. However, advances in immune cell analysis technologies offer promising avenues for elucidating their precise functions. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on γδ T cells in renal diseases, explores potential therapeutic strategies, and presents a roadmap for future research directions.
免疫介导的肾脏疾病,包括肾小球肾炎(GN),是以肾小球和其他肾小管内的炎症为特征的多种疾病。尽管近来取得了一些进展,但人们对这些疾病的免疫发病机制仍不甚了解。目前基于非特异性免疫抑制的治疗方法往往效果不佳,而且副作用很大,这凸显了对定制干预措施的需求。免疫系统的复杂性超越了传统的 T 细胞免疫,出现了非常规 T 细胞--γδ T 细胞、NKT 细胞和 MAIT 细胞--它们表现出半不变的性质和独特的功能,在先天性免疫和适应性免疫之间架起了桥梁。γδT细胞表现出独特的归巢和激活机制,并对不同的配体做出反应,这意味着它们在免疫调节中发挥着多方面的作用。人们对γδ T 细胞参与肾脏疾病的认识落后于传统的 T 细胞研究。然而,免疫细胞分析技术的进步为阐明γδT细胞的精确功能提供了前景广阔的途径。这篇综述综述了目前有关γδ T 细胞在肾脏疾病中的作用的知识,探讨了潜在的治疗策略,并为未来的研究方向提供了路线图。
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Immunology (EJI) is an official journal of EFIS. Established in 1971, EJI continues to serve the needs of the global immunology community covering basic, translational and clinical research, ranging from adaptive and innate immunity through to vaccines and immunotherapy, cancer, autoimmunity, allergy and more. Mechanistic insights and thought-provoking immunological findings are of interest, as are studies using the latest omics technologies. We offer fast track review for competitive situations, including recently scooped papers, format free submission, transparent and fair peer review and more as detailed in our policies.