Mixed-Species Groups and Genetically Confirmed Hybridization Between Sympatric Phayre’s Langur (Trachypithecus phayrei) and Capped Langur (T. pileatus) in Northeast Bangladesh

IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Tanvir Ahmed, Sabit Hasan, Shimul Nath, Sajib Biswas, Atikul Islam Mithu, Harish Debbarma, Rasel Debbarma, Khurshed Alom, Auritro Sattar, Tania Akhter, Mahmudul Bari, Abu Bakar Siddik, Sabir Bin Muzaffar, Dietmar Zinner, Christian Roos
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Abstract

Interspecific hybridization occurs almost in all major primate radiations. Intermediate phenotypes, sometimes seen in mixed-species groups, are often the first indications of hybridization. Beyond natural hybridization, human activities, such as habitat fragmentation or population depletion, can be important drivers for initiating or intensifying the formation of mixed-species groups and hybridization. As hybridization can lead to the cyto-nuclear extinction of species, it may pose additional threats to threatened primates. To assess the frequency of mixed-species groups and intermediate phenotypes between threatened Phayre’s (Trachypithecus phayrei) and capped langurs (T. pileatus), we conducted population surveys in six forests of northeast Bangladesh between 2018 and 2023. We also tested the hybrid status of one individual with intermediate phenotype genetically, by sequencing the maternally-inherited mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and fragments of two biparentally-inherited loci. During our surveys, we encountered 98 groups of langurs of which 41 were Phayre’s langur groups, 49 capped langur groups, and eight mixed-species groups (8%). In three mixed-species groups, we detected three individuals of intermediate phenotype, among them one adult female whose nipples were elongated indicating that she had an infant, and thus was likely to be fertile. Genetic analyses confirmed the hybrid status (most likely F1) of one individual with intermediate phenotype. To our knowledge, there are no reports of mixed-species groups and hybridization from other parts of the range where the species occur sympatrically. Hence, it seems likely that such groups occur mainly in the northern part of their common range where natural habitats are deteriorating fast. Therefore, we suggest monitoring of the populations, to find out whether the frequency of mixed-species groups increases, and a large-scale population genetic study to investigate whether hybridization is a recent phenomenon or occurred historically in the zone of range overlap in Bangladesh.

Abstract Image

孟加拉国东北部同域的法雷氏树袋熊(Trachypithecus phayrei)与皑树袋熊(T. pileatus)之间的混种群和基因证实的杂交
种间杂交几乎发生在所有主要的灵长类辐射中。有时在混种群体中出现的中间表型往往是杂交的最初迹象。除了自然杂交外,人类活动,如栖息地破碎化或种群耗竭,也可能成为启动或加剧混种群和杂交形成的重要驱动力。由于杂交可能导致物种的细胞核灭绝,因此可能对受威胁的灵长类动物构成额外的威胁。为了评估受威胁的菲氏叶猴(Trachypithecus phayrei)和帽叶猴(T. pileatus)之间的混种群体和中间表型的频率,我们于2018年至2023年期间在孟加拉国东北部的六个森林中进行了种群调查。我们还通过对母系遗传的线粒体细胞色素 b 基因和两个双亲遗传位点片段进行测序,从遗传学角度检测了一个具有中间表型的个体的杂交状况。在调查过程中,我们遇到了 98 个叶猴群,其中 41 个为法氏叶猴群,49 个为帽叶猴群,8 个为混种叶猴群(8%)。在三个混合种群中,我们发现了三只具有中间表型的个体,其中一只成年雌猴的乳头被拉长,表明它有一个婴儿,因此很可能具有生育能力。基因分析证实了一个中间表型个体的杂交身份(很可能是 F1)。据我们所知,在该物种共生的其他地区还没有关于混种群体和杂交的报道。因此,这类群体可能主要出现在其共同分布区的北部,那里的自然栖息地正在迅速退化。因此,我们建议对种群进行监测,以确定混种群体的频率是否增加,并开展大规模的种群遗传研究,以调查杂交是最近才出现的现象,还是在孟加拉国的分布重叠区曾出现过。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
16.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Primatology is a multidisciplinary forum devoted to the dissemination of current research in fundamental primatology. Publishing peer-reviewed, high-quality original articles which feature primates, the journal gathers laboratory and field studies from such diverse disciplines as anthropology, anatomy, ecology, ethology, paleontology, psychology, sociology, and zoology.
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