{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate inflammatory responses through regulation of T-cell subsets","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176996","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) is a complex disorder characterized by excessive immune responses involving T cells and their subsets, leading to direct tissue damage. T cells can be broadly categorized into CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are composed of several subsets, including T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, follicular helper T cells (Tfhs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), while effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells consist mainly of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Current therapies for IMID are ineffective, prompting exploration into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a promising clinical treatment due to their immunomodulatory effects and self-renewal potential. Recent studies have shown that MSCs can suppress T cells through direct cell-to-cell contact or secretion of soluble cytokines. Nevertheless, the precise effects of MSCs on T cell subsets remain inadequately defined. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies that have examined how MSCs modulate one or more effector T-cell subsets and the mechanisms behind these modifications in vitro and several mouse models of clinical inflammation. This also provides theoretical support and novel insights into the efficacy of clinical treatments involving MSCs. However, the efficacy of MSC therapies in clinical models of inflammation varies, showing effective remission in most cases, but also with exacerbation of T-cell-mediated inflammatory damage in some instances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12004,"journal":{"name":"European journal of pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European journal of pharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299924006861","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) is a complex disorder characterized by excessive immune responses involving T cells and their subsets, leading to direct tissue damage. T cells can be broadly categorized into CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells are composed of several subsets, including T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, follicular helper T cells (Tfhs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), while effector CD8+ T cells consist mainly of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Current therapies for IMID are ineffective, prompting exploration into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a promising clinical treatment due to their immunomodulatory effects and self-renewal potential. Recent studies have shown that MSCs can suppress T cells through direct cell-to-cell contact or secretion of soluble cytokines. Nevertheless, the precise effects of MSCs on T cell subsets remain inadequately defined. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies that have examined how MSCs modulate one or more effector T-cell subsets and the mechanisms behind these modifications in vitro and several mouse models of clinical inflammation. This also provides theoretical support and novel insights into the efficacy of clinical treatments involving MSCs. However, the efficacy of MSC therapies in clinical models of inflammation varies, showing effective remission in most cases, but also with exacerbation of T-cell-mediated inflammatory damage in some instances.
免疫介导的炎症性疾病(IMID)是一种复杂的疾病,其特征是涉及 T 细胞及其亚群的过度免疫反应,从而导致直接的组织损伤。T 细胞可大致分为 CD4+ T 细胞和 CD8+ T 细胞。CD4+ T 细胞由多个亚群组成,包括 T 辅助细胞 (Th)1、Th2、Th9、Th17、Th22、滤泡辅助 T 细胞 (Tfhs) 和调节性 T 细胞 (Tregs),而效应 CD8+ T 细胞主要由细胞毒性 T 细胞 (CTL) 组成。由于间充质干细胞(MSCs)具有免疫调节作用和自我更新潜能,目前治疗IMID的疗法效果不佳,这促使人们探索间充质干细胞作为一种有前景的临床疗法。最近的研究表明,间充质干细胞可通过细胞间直接接触或分泌可溶性细胞因子抑制T细胞。然而,间充质干细胞对 T 细胞亚群的确切影响仍未得到充分定义。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近对间叶干细胞如何调节一种或多种效应 T 细胞亚群以及这些调节在体外和几种临床炎症小鼠模型背后的机制所做的研究。这也为涉及间充质干细胞的临床疗法的疗效提供了理论支持和新的见解。然而,间充质干细胞疗法在临床炎症模型中的疗效却不尽相同,在大多数情况下都能有效缓解症状,但在某些情况下也会加重T细胞介导的炎症损伤。
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Pharmacology publishes research papers covering all aspects of experimental pharmacology with focus on the mechanism of action of structurally identified compounds affecting biological systems.
The scope includes:
Behavioural pharmacology
Neuropharmacology and analgesia
Cardiovascular pharmacology
Pulmonary, gastrointestinal and urogenital pharmacology
Endocrine pharmacology
Immunopharmacology and inflammation
Molecular and cellular pharmacology
Regenerative pharmacology
Biologicals and biotherapeutics
Translational pharmacology
Nutriceutical pharmacology.