Label-free live characterization of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids by biophysical properties measurement

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has become a consolidated method in the stem cell field, where mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to generate in vitro spheroid aggregates called MSC-Spheroids (MSph). MSph is a floating cluster of stem cells similar to those in literature are known as bone marrow-derived “mesenspheres”. Even though MSC properties are shared by MSph, depending on the cell type and their tissue source, the morphology and degree of compaction of the MSph can be variable, creating limitations in such a cell model. Thus, during culture, a variation in stem cell functionality and viability, in addition to the suitability for comparing MSph in some experimental protocols, can be affected by spheroid biophysical intrinsic properties like mass density. To investigate this limitation and provide a new method for researchers, MSph of seven different tissue sources were compared by combining mass density, weight, and size evaluations with viability assays for ATP measurement. MSph cultured in traditional static conditions showed decreased in viability over the days of culture, while mass density exhibited different trends among cell types. Additionally, treatment of MSph with a non-toxic concentration of a natural compound cell regulator, such as plumbagin, altered the mass density of a selected cell type, thereby confirming the efficacy of the biophysical approach in monitoring MSph variability post-treatment. The results encourage using MSph in the early days of culture after their formation to ensure viability and likely retention of the stem cell phenotype.