Molecular mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles neurotoxicity

IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are widely used in industry and biomedicine. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that ZnONPs exposure may possess toxic effects to a variety of tissues, including brain. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to summarize existing evidence on neurotoxic effects of ZnONPs and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. The existing laboratory data demonstrate that both in laboratory rodents and other animals ZnONPs exposure results in a significant accumulation of Zn in brain and nervous tissues, especially following long-term exposure. As a result, overexposure to ZnONPs causes oxidative stress and cell death, both in neurons and glial cells, by induction of apoptosis, necrosis and ferroptosis. In addition, ZnONPs may induce neuroinflammation through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and lipoxygenase (LOX) signaling pathways. ZnONPs exposure is associated with altered cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, as well as glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurotransmission, thus contributing to impaired neuronal signal transduction. Cytoskeletal alterations, as well as impaired autophagy and mitophagy also contribute to ZnONPs-induced brain damage. It has been posited that some of the adverse effects of ZnONPs in brain are mediated by altered microRNA expression and dysregulation of gut-brain axis. Furthermore, in vivo studies have demonstrated that ZnONPs exposure induced anxiety, motor and cognitive deficits, as well as adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. At the same time, the relevance of ZnONPs-induced neurotoxicity and its contribution to pathogenesis of neurological diseases in humans are still unclear. Further studies aimed at estimation of hazards of ZnONPs to human brain health and the underlying molecular mechanisms are warranted.

Abstract Image

氧化锌纳米颗粒神经毒性的分子机制
氧化锌纳米粒子(ZnONPs)被广泛应用于工业和生物医学领域。越来越多的证据表明,接触纳米氧化锌可能会对包括大脑在内的多种组织产生毒性效应。因此,本综述旨在总结有关 ZnONPs 神经毒性效应的现有证据,并讨论其潜在的分子机制。现有的实验室数据表明,无论是实验室啮齿动物还是其他动物,接触壬基氧化锌都会导致锌在大脑和神经组织中大量蓄积,尤其是在长期接触之后。因此,过量接触壬基膦酸锌会导致氧化应激,并通过诱导细胞凋亡、坏死和铁突变,导致神经元和神经胶质细胞死亡。此外,ZnONPs 还可能通过激活核因子卡巴 B(NF-κB)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)、p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和脂氧合酶(LOX)信号通路诱发神经炎症。接触 ZnONPs 会改变胆碱能、多巴胺能、5-羟色胺能以及谷氨酸能和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经传递,从而导致神经元信号转导受损。细胞骨架改变以及自噬和有丝分裂功能受损也是锰锌诱发脑损伤的原因之一。有研究认为,ZnONPs 对大脑的一些不良影响是由微核糖核酸(microRNA)表达的改变和肠脑轴的失调介导的。此外,体内研究表明,暴露于 ZnONPs 会诱发焦虑、运动和认知障碍以及不良的神经发育结果。同时,ZnONPs 诱导的神经毒性及其对人类神经系统疾病发病机制的影响仍不清楚。有必要开展进一步的研究,以估算壬基酚锌盐对人类大脑健康的危害及其潜在的分子机制。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
3.90%
发文量
410
审稿时长
36 days
期刊介绍: Chemico-Biological Interactions publishes research reports and review articles that examine the molecular, cellular, and/or biochemical basis of toxicologically relevant outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on toxicological mechanisms associated with interactions between chemicals and biological systems. Outcomes may include all traditional endpoints caused by synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals, both in vivo and in vitro. Endpoints of interest include, but are not limited to carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, respiratory toxicology, neurotoxicology, reproductive and developmental toxicology, and immunotoxicology.
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