Breaking the strength-ductility trade-off in austenitic stainless steel at cryogenic temperatures: Mechanistic insights

IF 6.2 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
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Abstract

At cryogenic temperatures, 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) exhibits remarkable strength while retaining high ductility, defying the conventional stress-strain trade-off. Despite extensive studies documenting the cryo-tensile properties of ASSs, the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. This study systematically re-examines the tensile properties of 316L stainless steel and the associated mechanisms across a range of low temperatures (293 K, 223 K, 123 K, and 77 K). The reasons for the superior stress-strain balance (∼80 % GPa) are discussed using results from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microstructure characteristics. The results undoubtedly suggest that the transformation mechanisms, specifically the shift from deformation twinning to martensitic transformation (γ → ε → α′), play a crucial role in enhancing elongation at cryogenic temperatures. At these temperatures, the Gibbs free energy difference between ε-martensite and γ-austenite approaches zero, resulting in slow martensite growth. The stress-strain curves at low temperatures satisfy the Considère criterion, indicating delayed necking under these conditions. This behavior is ascribed to the presence of various hierarchical microstructures, including ε, α′, γ-twins, ε-twins and their intersections, which act as sources of work hardening. This study provides new insights into deformation behavior of ASSs under cryogenic conditions.

打破奥氏体不锈钢在低温下的强度-电导率权衡:机理启示
在低温条件下,316L 奥氏体不锈钢 (ASS) 在保持高延展性的同时,还表现出卓越的强度,打破了传统的应力-应变权衡。尽管大量研究记录了奥氏体不锈钢的低温拉伸特性,但这一现象背后的基本机制在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究系统地重新审查了 316L 不锈钢在一系列低温(293 K、223 K、123 K 和 77 K)条件下的拉伸特性及其相关机制。利用电子反向散射衍射(EBSD)微观结构特征的结果,讨论了应力-应变平衡(GPa ∼ 80 %)优异的原因。结果毫无疑问地表明,转变机制,特别是从变形孪晶转变为马氏体转变(γ → ε → α′),在低温下增强伸长率方面起着至关重要的作用。在这些温度下,ε-马氏体和γ-奥氏体之间的吉布斯自由能差接近零,导致马氏体生长缓慢。低温下的应力-应变曲线符合康西德雷准则,表明在这些条件下出现了延迟缩颈现象。这种行为归因于各种分层微结构的存在,包括ε、α′、γ-孪晶、ε-孪晶及其交集,它们是加工硬化的来源。这项研究为了解 ASS 在低温条件下的变形行为提供了新的视角。
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来源期刊
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t Materials Science-Metals and Alloys
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
9.40%
发文量
1877
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Materials Research and Technology is a publication of ABM - Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association - and publishes four issues per year also with a free version online (www.jmrt.com.br). The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies related to Metallurgy, Materials and Minerals research and technology. Appropriate submissions to the Journal of Materials Research and Technology should include scientific and/or engineering factors which affect processes and products in the Metallurgy, Materials and Mining areas.
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