{"title":"Breaking the strength-ductility trade-off in austenitic stainless steel at cryogenic temperatures: Mechanistic insights","authors":"Digvijay Singh, Fumiyoshi Yoshinaka, Susumu Takamori, Satoshi Emura, Takahiro Sawaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.074","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At cryogenic temperatures, 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) exhibits remarkable strength while retaining high ductility, defying the conventional stress-strain trade-off. Despite extensive studies documenting the cryo-tensile properties of ASSs, the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. This study systematically re-examines the tensile properties of 316L stainless steel and the associated mechanisms across a range of low temperatures (293 K, 223 K, 123 K, and 77 K). The reasons for the superior stress-strain balance (∼80 % GPa) are discussed using results from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microstructure characteristics. The results undoubtedly suggest that the transformation mechanisms, specifically the shift from deformation twinning to martensitic transformation (γ → ε → α′), play a crucial role in enhancing elongation at cryogenic temperatures. At these temperatures, the Gibbs free energy difference between ε-martensite and γ-austenite approaches zero, resulting in slow martensite growth. The stress-strain curves at low temperatures satisfy the Considère criterion, indicating delayed necking under these conditions. This behavior is ascribed to the presence of various hierarchical microstructures, including ε, α′, γ-twins, ε-twins and their intersections, which act as sources of work hardening. This study provides new insights into deformation behavior of ASSs under cryogenic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"33 ","pages":"Pages 600-611"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424020799/pdfft?md5=02f5cc727eecb6ecdcec2eda1df69c43&pid=1-s2.0-S2238785424020799-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424020799","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
At cryogenic temperatures, 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) exhibits remarkable strength while retaining high ductility, defying the conventional stress-strain trade-off. Despite extensive studies documenting the cryo-tensile properties of ASSs, the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. This study systematically re-examines the tensile properties of 316L stainless steel and the associated mechanisms across a range of low temperatures (293 K, 223 K, 123 K, and 77 K). The reasons for the superior stress-strain balance (∼80 % GPa) are discussed using results from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microstructure characteristics. The results undoubtedly suggest that the transformation mechanisms, specifically the shift from deformation twinning to martensitic transformation (γ → ε → α′), play a crucial role in enhancing elongation at cryogenic temperatures. At these temperatures, the Gibbs free energy difference between ε-martensite and γ-austenite approaches zero, resulting in slow martensite growth. The stress-strain curves at low temperatures satisfy the Considère criterion, indicating delayed necking under these conditions. This behavior is ascribed to the presence of various hierarchical microstructures, including ε, α′, γ-twins, ε-twins and their intersections, which act as sources of work hardening. This study provides new insights into deformation behavior of ASSs under cryogenic conditions.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Materials Research and Technology is a publication of ABM - Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association - and publishes four issues per year also with a free version online (www.jmrt.com.br). The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies related to Metallurgy, Materials and Minerals research and technology. Appropriate submissions to the Journal of Materials Research and Technology should include scientific and/or engineering factors which affect processes and products in the Metallurgy, Materials and Mining areas.