High-sensitivity C-reactive protein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts long-term adverse outcomes in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (CHR) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its predictive value for long-term adverse outcomes in patients with CAD following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unexplored and is the subject of this study. Patients with CAD who underwent PCI at the Korea University Guro Hospital-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (KUGH-PCI) Registry since 2004 were included. Patients were categorized into tertiles according to their CHR. The end points were all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiac mortality (CM) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Kaplan–Meier analysis, multivariate Cox regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and sensitivity analyses were performed. A total of 3260 patients were included and divided into Group 1 (CHR <0.830, N = 1089), Group 2 (CHR = 0.830–3.782, N = 1085) and Group 3 (CHR >3.782, N = 1086). Higher CHR tertiles were associated with progressively greater risks of ACM, CM and MACEs (log-rank, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression showed that patients in the highest tertile had greater risks of ACM (HR: 2.127 [1.452–3.117]), CM (HR: 3.575 [1.938–6.593]) and MACEs (HR: 1.337 [1.089–1.641]) than those in the lowest tertile. RCS analyses did not reveal a significant non-linear relationship between CHR and ACM, CM or MACEs. The significant associations remained significant in the sensitivity analyses, RCS analyses with or without extreme values, subgroup analyses and multiple imputations for missing data. Elevated CHR is a novel, independent risk factor for long-term ACM, CM and MACEs in CAD patients following PCI.