Biomass-derived epoxy resin and its application for high-performance natural fiber composites

IF 2.3 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI:10.1177/07316844241275225

Bijender Kumar, Samia Adil, Jaehwan Kim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The development of bio-based materials with superior comprehensive properties from biomass resources remains a significant challenge, providing an alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials. This study explores the lignin-derived vanillyl alcohol epoxy (VAE) resin-containing mono and di (m&d) epoxy structure as an adhesive to develop environment-friendly natural fiber-reinforced composites to reduce the carbon footprint. The synthesized m&dVAE containing mono and di-epoxidized (m&d) aromatic rings, when cured with 4, 4´-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) hardener, exhibits higher record tensile strength ∼124.0 ± 8.43 MPa and tensile modulus ∼2.88 ± 0.35 GPa compared to a commercial petroleum-based epoxy, diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) thermoset. Additionally, it demonstrated higher adhesion shear strength (∼19.16 ± 0.58 MPa) with cellulose nanofibers film than DGEBA. Moreover, fabricated green composite possesses excellent flexural strength of ∼203.72 ± 2.08 MPa and stiffness of ∼11.58 ± 0.38 GPa than the petroleum-based thermoset composite. The composite’s fracture surface morphology shows that the resin and fibers have good interfacial adhesion. Notably, the sustainable composite showed good hydrophobicity and an excellent heat-resistant index of 144.4°C. The m&dVAE resin can be an alternative to petroleum-based resins as an adhesive, and its environment-friendly sustainable composite could be a promising candidate to replace synthetic materials for high-performance structural applications.

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生物质环氧树脂及其在高性能天然纤维复合材料中的应用

利用生物质资源开发具有优异综合性能的生物基材料，为传统石油基材料提供替代品，仍然是一项重大挑战。本研究探索了木质素衍生香草醇环氧（VAE）树脂的单环氧和双环氧（m&d）结构，将其作为一种粘合剂来开发环境友好型天然纤维增强复合材料，以减少碳足迹。合成的含单和双环氧（m&d）芳香环的 m&dVAE 在用 4，4´-二氨基二苯基甲烷（DDM）固化剂固化时，与商用石油基环氧--二缩水甘油醚双酚 A（DGEBA）热固性树脂相比，显示出更高的记录拉伸强度 ∼124.0 ± 8.43 MPa 和拉伸模量 ∼2.88 ± 0.35 GPa。此外，与纤维素纳米纤维薄膜的粘合剪切强度（19.16 ± 0.58 MPa）也高于 DGEBA。此外，与石油基热固性复合材料相比，所制备的绿色复合材料具有优异的抗弯强度（203.72 ± 2.08 MPa）和刚度（11.58 ± 0.38 GPa）。复合材料的断裂表面形态表明，树脂和纤维具有良好的界面粘附性。值得注意的是，可持续复合材料具有良好的疏水性，耐热指数高达 144.4°C。m&dVAE树脂可替代石油基树脂作为粘合剂，其环境友好型可持续复合材料有望取代合成材料，用于高性能结构应用。

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来源期刊

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites is a fully peer-reviewed international journal that publishes original research and review articles on a broad range of today''s reinforced plastics and composites including areas in: Constituent materials: matrix materials, reinforcements and coatings. Properties and performance: The results of testing, predictive models, and in-service evaluation of a wide range of materials are published, providing the reader with extensive properties data for reference. Analysis and design: Frequency reports on these subjects inform the reader of analytical techniques, design processes and the many design options available in materials composition. Processing and fabrication: There is increased interest among materials engineers in cost-effective processing. Applications: Reports on new materials R&D are often related to the service requirements of specific application areas, such as automotive, marine, construction and aviation. Reports on special topics are regularly included such as recycling, environmental effects, novel materials, computer-aided design, predictive modelling, and "smart" composite materials. "The articles in the Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Products are must reading for engineers in industry and for researchers working on leading edge problems" Professor Emeritus Stephen W Tsai National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).