Global Distribution, Identification, Pathogenesis, and Advanced Management Strategies for Sclerotium Root Rot in Sugar beet

Abstract

Sclerotium root rot, caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, presents a significant challenge to sugar beet cultivation, particularly in tropical and warmer climates where high temperatures favor pathogen proliferation. This disease is prevalent in southern regions globally, where optimal conditions enable the fungus to produce white cottony mycelium and sclerotia rapidly. These sclerotia can be dispersed by wind or during agricultural activities, integrating into the soil profile and complicating disease management. The pathogen’s complex life cycle and broad host range exacerbate management difficulties. Early identification of symptoms is crucial for effective management, emphasizing the need for advanced diagnostic techniques. This study highlights recent advancements in managing Sclerotium root rot, focusing on biotechnological innovations and precision agriculture methods. Techniques such as CRISPR/Cas gene editing, artificial intelligence, satellite farming, and augmented reality offer promising solutions for disease control. CRISPR/Cas technology provides precise genetic modifications to enhance disease resistance in sugar beets. Artificial intelligence and satellite farming enable real-time monitoring and predictive analytics for early detection and management of the disease. Augmented reality tools facilitate farmer education and decision-making through immersive and interactive platforms. The integration of these advanced technologies presents a comprehensive approach to combating Sclerotium root rot, ensuring sustainable sugar beet production in affected regions. This study underscores the importance of leveraging cutting-edge innovations to address the complexities of pathogen management in agriculture.