Changes in Danish bird communities over four decades of climate and land‐use change

IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Oikos Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1111/oik.10697
Charles W. Davison, Carsten Rahbek, Naia Morueta‐Holme
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Abstract

Our understanding of how human activities impact biodiversity comes largely from space‐for‐time substitutions. However, spatial gradients are a poor surrogate for changes through time as they do not account for dynamic processes such as delayed extinction debts. Here we contribute towards filling this research gap by assessing the trajectories of local avian assemblages over 40+ years of climate and land‐use change. Using four decades of volunteer observations in Denmark we investigated long‐term trends of local bird richness, community structure, function, abundance, and biomass to better understand their anthropogenic drivers. Between 1976 and 2020, volunteers recorded ~ 2.4 million birds at 378 routes spanning a median of 15 years (range: 10–44). At the local level, we found a restructuring of bird communities over time (6% change per decade) and declines in abundance (−7% per decade), but stability in biomass, functional diversity, and spatial turnover. Local species richness showed a shallow decline on average. These results provide evidence that temporal turnover and loss of individuals are the most prominent features of recent ecological change in these communities. We found that the rate of local warming was positively associated with trends of species richness and functional diversity, suggesting a potential redistribution of warm‐adapted species. Meanwhile, communities that were becoming more spatially homogenous were associated with urban and farmland areas. In space, environmental changes are often distinct and recognisable, e.g. between forest and farmland. Through time, however, changes can be infrequent, gradual, and non‐linear. Despite these challenges, our results illustrate the power of spatially replicated, long‐term biodiversity monitoring programs for detecting the trends and attributing drivers of local biodiversity change.
四十年来丹麦鸟类群落在气候和土地使用变化中的变化
我们对人类活动如何影响生物多样性的了解主要来自空间-时间替代。然而,空间梯度并不能很好地替代时间变化,因为它们无法解释诸如延迟灭绝债务等动态过程。在此,我们通过评估当地鸟类在 40 多年的气候和土地利用变化中的活动轨迹,为填补这一研究空白做出了贡献。通过四十年在丹麦的志愿者观察,我们调查了当地鸟类丰富度、群落结构、功能、丰度和生物量的长期趋势,以更好地了解其人为驱动因素。从 1976 年到 2020 年,志愿者在 378 条路线上记录了约 240 万只鸟类,时间跨度中位数为 15 年(范围:10-44)。在地方层面,我们发现鸟类群落随着时间的推移发生了重组(每十年变化 6%),丰度下降(每十年-7%),但生物量、功能多样性和空间周转率保持稳定。当地物种丰富度平均下降幅度较小。这些结果证明,时间更替和个体损失是这些群落近期生态变化的最显著特征。我们发现,当地变暖的速度与物种丰富度和功能多样性的趋势呈正相关,这表明适应暖气候的物种可能会重新分布。同时,在空间上变得更加单一的群落与城市和农田地区有关。在空间上,环境变化通常是明显和可识别的,例如森林和农田之间的变化。然而,从时间上看,变化可能是不频繁的、渐进的和非线性的。尽管存在这些挑战,但我们的研究结果表明,在空间上复制的长期生物多样性监测计划能够发现当地生物多样性变化的趋势和驱动因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Oikos
Oikos 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
5.90%
发文量
152
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Oikos publishes original and innovative research on all aspects of ecology, defined as organism-environment interactions at various spatiotemporal scales, so including macroecology and evolutionary ecology. Emphasis is on theoretical and empirical work aimed at generalization and synthesis across taxa, systems and ecological disciplines. Papers can contribute to new developments in ecology by reporting novel theory or critical empirical results, and "synthesis" can include developing new theory, tests of general hypotheses, or bringing together established or emerging areas of ecology. Confirming or extending the established literature, by for example showing results that are novel for a new taxon, or purely applied research, is given low priority.
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