{"title":"The role of DNA methylation in facilitating life history trait diversity in fishes","authors":"James Kho, Daniel E. Ruzzante","doi":"10.1007/s11160-024-09887-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The incorporation of epigenetics (i.e., change in gene activity without change in DNA sequence) into studies of gene regulation and phenotypic expression has contributed to a significant improvement in our understanding of the evolution of life history traits. One important epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation, which in vertebrates generally means the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine thus altering gene expression. Here, we discuss progress and gaps in our knowledge of the role of DNA methylation in facilitating diversity across four life history trait classes in fishes: developmental processes, size and growth rates, aging and sexual maturity, and sex regulation. We discuss insights into the regulatory aspect of gene expression in fish which can ultimately influence phenotypic diversity and speciation. We discuss how temperature influences methylation patterns affecting multiple traits. DNA methylation influence on gene expression varies depending on tissue types and the location within the genome of the methylated site (i.e., DNA methylation can increase or decrease gene expression). The role of DNA methyltransferases is also a common denominator across all tissue types in influencing the global methylome status regardless of species or environmental stressor. Organismal development stage is equally important, a decrease in global methylation throughout early development generally corresponds to elevated gene expression associated with growth and development. Finally, we discuss general limitations of DNA methylation studies with a focus on fish. We then provide recommendations for future research.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":21181,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-024-09887-7","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FISHERIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The incorporation of epigenetics (i.e., change in gene activity without change in DNA sequence) into studies of gene regulation and phenotypic expression has contributed to a significant improvement in our understanding of the evolution of life history traits. One important epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation, which in vertebrates generally means the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine thus altering gene expression. Here, we discuss progress and gaps in our knowledge of the role of DNA methylation in facilitating diversity across four life history trait classes in fishes: developmental processes, size and growth rates, aging and sexual maturity, and sex regulation. We discuss insights into the regulatory aspect of gene expression in fish which can ultimately influence phenotypic diversity and speciation. We discuss how temperature influences methylation patterns affecting multiple traits. DNA methylation influence on gene expression varies depending on tissue types and the location within the genome of the methylated site (i.e., DNA methylation can increase or decrease gene expression). The role of DNA methyltransferases is also a common denominator across all tissue types in influencing the global methylome status regardless of species or environmental stressor. Organismal development stage is equally important, a decrease in global methylation throughout early development generally corresponds to elevated gene expression associated with growth and development. Finally, we discuss general limitations of DNA methylation studies with a focus on fish. We then provide recommendations for future research.
摘要 将表观遗传学（即在不改变 DNA 序列的情况下改变基因活性）纳入基因调控和表型表达的研究，大大提高了我们对生活史性状进化的认识。DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传机制，在脊椎动物中，甲基化通常意味着在胞嘧啶上添加一个甲基，从而改变基因的表达。在这里，我们将讨论 DNA 甲基化在促进鱼类四类生活史性状多样性方面的作用所取得的进展和存在的差距：发育过程、体型和生长率、衰老和性成熟以及性别调控。我们讨论了对鱼类基因表达调控方面的见解，这种调控最终会影响表型多样性和物种分化。我们讨论了温度如何影响甲基化模式，从而影响多种性状。DNA 甲基化对基因表达的影响因组织类型和甲基化位点在基因组中的位置而异（即 DNA 甲基化可增加或减少基因表达）。DNA 甲基转移酶的作用也是所有组织类型在影响全球甲基组状态方面的一个共同点，而与物种或环境压力无关。生物体的发育阶段也同样重要，整个早期发育过程中全球甲基化的降低通常与生长发育相关基因表达的升高相对应。最后，我们以鱼类为重点，讨论了 DNA 甲基化研究的一般局限性。然后，我们对未来的研究提出了建议。
期刊介绍：
The subject matter is focused on include evolutionary biology, zoogeography, taxonomy, including biochemical taxonomy and stock identification, genetics and genetic manipulation, physiology, functional morphology, behaviour, ecology, fisheries assessment, development, exploitation and conservation. however, reviews will be published from any field of fish biology where the emphasis is placed on adaptation, function or exploitation in the whole organism.
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