The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) genome provides insights into extreme longevity

bioRxiv - Genomics Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1101/2024.09.09.611499

Arne Sahm, Alexander Cherkasov, Hequn Liu, Danila Voronov, Kanstantsin Siniuk, Robert Schwarz, Oliver Ohlenschlaeger, Silke Foerste, Martin Bens, Marco Groth, Ivonne Goerlich, Sonia Paturej, Sven Klages, Bjoern Braendl, Jesper Olsen, Peter Bushnell, Amalie Bech Poulsen, Sara Ferrando, Fulvio Garibaldi, Davide Lorenzo Drago, Eva Terzibasi Tozzini, Franz-Josef Mueller, Martin Fischer, Helene Kretzmer, Paolo Domenici, John Fleng Steffensen, Alessandro Cellerino, Steve Hoffmann

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Abstract

The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is the longest-lived vertebrate known, with an estimated lifespan of ~ 400 years. Here, we present a chromosome-level assembly of the 6.45 Gb Greenland shark, rendering it one of the largest non-tetrapod genomes sequenced so far. Expansion of the genome is mostly accounted for by a substantial expansion of transposable elements. Using public shark genomes as a comparison, we found that genes specifically duplicated in the Greenland shark form a functionally connected network enriched for DNA repair function. Furthermore, we identified a unique insertion in the conserved C-terminal region of the key tumor suppressor p53. We also provide a public browser to explore its genome.

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格陵兰鲨（Somniosus microcephalus）基因组为了解极度长寿提供了线索

格陵兰鲨（Somniosus microcephalus）是已知最长寿的脊椎动物，估计寿命约为 400 年。在这里，我们展示了 6.45 Gb 的格陵兰鲨染色体组，使其成为迄今为止测序的最大的非四足动物基因组之一。基因组的扩增主要是由于转座元件的大量扩增。利用公开的鲨鱼基因组作为比较，我们发现格陵兰鲨鱼中特异性重复的基因形成了一个富含DNA修复功能的功能连接网络。此外，我们还在关键的肿瘤抑制因子 p53 的保守 C 端区域发现了一个独特的插入基因。我们还提供了一个公共浏览器来探索其基因组。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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bioRxiv - Genomics

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