Epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with covid-19 in the municipality of Sao Goncalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

Objectives: The global health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to over 760 million confirmed cases and 6.8 million deaths worldwide, primarily impacting the respiratory system with symptoms varying from mild to severe. This study aimed to analyze the interplay between vaccination status, sociodemographic profiles, comorbidities, and COVID-19 outcomes. Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional, and analytical. Methods: The study analyzed data from 6,953 individuals, examining vaccination statuses, sociodemographic profiles, comorbidities, COVID-19 test results, and other relevant variables. The cohort comprised predominantly mixed-race (51%), Caucasian (38%), and Black (9.5%) individuals, with 61% being female and 60% aged between 21-50 years. Prevalent comorbidities included hypertension (18.2%), diabetes (4.9%), and obesity (0.4%). Results: Population-weighted analysis revealed significant associations between sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 test outcomes. Younger age groups, particularly 11-30 years, had higher positivity rates, which declined with age. Caucasians exhibited higher positivity rates (40.1%) compared to other ethnicities. Cramer's V indicated small correlations between symptoms and test outcomes, notably with loss of taste (V = 0.11) and smell (V = 0.08). Odds ratio analysis identified hypertension as significantly associated with higher COVID-19 positivity (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.28-1.83, p < 0.001), while obesity was associated with lower positivity (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02-0.63, p = 0.025). Symptoms such as fever, cough, loss of taste, loss of smell, and myalgia also showed significant associations with positive test outcomes. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, and COVID-19 outcomes.