Exfoliated 2-D Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Electrochemical Detection of the Antiviral Drug Valganciclovir

IF 2.7 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Electrocatalysis Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1007/s12678-024-00887-6

Madasu Sreenivasulu, Shweta J. Malode, Abdullah N. Alodhayb, Nagaraj P. Shetti

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Abstract

The research focuses on creating an innovative graphitic carbon nitride electrochemical sensor (g-C₃N₄) for the precise and sensitive detection of the antiviral medication valganciclovir (VCR), also known as Valcyte. VCR is an antiviral medication used to treat diseases, including CMV retinitis, and to protect transplant patients against CMV infection by stopping the virus from spreading. This drug is typically given to patients with weak immune systems, HIV/AIDS, and organ transplants. Though VCR provides numerous benefits, it must be administered with caution as it can cause allergic reactions and renal damage. A modified carbon paste electrode called g-C₃N₄/CPE has demonstrated remarkable electrocatalytic activity in oxidizing varying levels of chlorine radiation. Various methods were employed to characterize the created g-C₃N₄, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The sensor has a detection range of 1 to 16 µM, which makes it more sensitive than traditional drug detection techniques. It can detect as low as 0.88 × 10⁻⁸ M under ideal experimental conditions. The sensor’s ability to identify VCR using g-C₃N₄ was tested using amperometric i-t curve analysis. The EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) was employed to investigate the electrochemical features of many electrodes. The comparable R_ct values were 3114 Ω, 13,770 Ω, and 3794 Ω for g-C₃N₄/CPE, bare GCE, and bare CPE, respectively. During the test, various commonly used interferents and drugs were introduced to the VCR solution to examine the influence of foreign interferents on the outcomes. Various electrokinetic factors were examined to explore the electrochemical behavior of VCR. Environmental monitoring, drug analysis, and clinical diagnostics benefited from successfully using the generated g-C₃N₄/CPE. Additionally, it can play a vital role in creating new and efficient methods for antiviral drug VCR determination.

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用于电化学检测抗病毒药物缬更昔洛韦的剥离二维氮化石墨碳纳米片

这项研究的重点是创建一种创新的石墨氮化碳电化学传感器（g-C3N4），用于精确灵敏地检测抗病毒药物缬更昔洛韦（VCR），也称为 Valcyte。VCR 是一种抗病毒药物，用于治疗包括 CMV 视网膜炎在内的疾病，并通过阻止病毒传播来保护移植患者免受 CMV 感染。这种药物通常用于免疫系统较弱的患者、艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者和器官移植患者。虽然 VCR 有很多好处，但必须谨慎使用，因为它会引起过敏反应和肾脏损伤。一种名为 g-C3N4/CPE 的改性碳浆电极在氧化不同程度的氯辐射时表现出显著的电催化活性。研究人员采用了多种方法对所制备的 g-C3N4 进行表征，包括场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FE-SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HR-TEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、拉曼光谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR)。该传感器的检测范围为 1 至 16 µM，比传统的药物检测技术更加灵敏。在理想的实验条件下，它可以检测到 0.88 × 10-8 M 的低浓度。使用安培 i-t 曲线分析法测试了传感器利用 g-C3N4 识别 VCR 的能力。EIS （电化学阻抗光谱）被用来研究许多电极的电化学特征。g-C3N4/CPE 、裸 GCE 和裸 CPE 的可比 Rct 值分别为 3114 Ω、13,770 Ω 和 3794 Ω。在测试过程中，向 VCR 溶液中引入了各种常用干扰物和药物，以考察外来干扰物对测试结果的影响。研究了各种电动因素，以探索 VCR 的电化学行为。成功使用所生成的 g-C3N4/CPE 将有助于环境监测、药物分析和临床诊断。此外，它还能在创建新型高效的抗病毒药物 VCR 检测方法方面发挥重要作用。

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来源期刊

Electrocatalysis CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-ELECTROCHEMISTRY

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

6.50%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

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