Social complexity during early development has long-term effects on neuroplasticity in the social decision-making network

Oceane La Loggia, Diogo F. Antunes, Nadia Aubin-Horth, Barbara Taborsky
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Abstract

In social species, early social experience shapes the development of appropriate social behaviours during conspecific interactions referred to as social competence. However, the underlying neuronal mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of social competence are largely unknown. One key candidate to influence social competence is neuroplasticity, which functions to restructure neural networks in response to novel experiences or alterations of the environment. One important mediator of this restructuring is the neurotrophin BDNF, which is well conserved among vertebrates. We studied the highly social fish Neolamprologus pulcher, in which the impact of early social experience on social competence has been previously shown. We investigated experimentally how variation of the early social environment impacts markers of neuroplasticity by analysing the relative expression of the bdnf gene and its receptors p75NTR and TrkB across nodes of the Social Decision-Making Network. In fish raised in larger groups, bdnf and TrkB were upregulated in the anterior tuberal nucleus, compared to fish raised in smaller groups, while TrkB was downregulated and bdnf was upregulated in the lateral part of the dorsal telencephalon. In the preoptic area (POA), all three genes were upregulated in fish raised in large groups, suggesting that early social experiences might lead to changes of the neuronal connectivity in the POA. Our results highlight the importance of the early social experience in programming the constitutive expression of neuroplasticity markers, suggesting that the effects of early social experience on social competence might be due to changes in neuroplasticity.
早期发育过程中的社会复杂性会对社会决策网络的神经可塑性产生长期影响
在社会性物种中,早期的社会经验会影响同种动物互动过程中适当社会行为的发展,这种行为被称为社会能力。然而,导致获得社交能力的潜在神经元机制在很大程度上还不为人所知。影响社交能力的一个关键候选机制是神经可塑性,它的功能是重组神经网络,以应对新的经历或环境的改变。这种重组的一个重要介质是神经营养素 BDNF,它在脊椎动物中非常保守。我们研究了高度社会性的鱼类 Neolamprologus pulcher,在这种鱼类中,早期社会经验对社会能力的影响已被证实。我们通过分析 bdnf 基因及其受体 p75NTR 和 TrkB 在社会决策网络各节点上的相对表达,实验研究了早期社会环境的变化如何影响神经可塑性标记。与在较小群体中饲养的鱼相比,在较大群体中饲养的鱼,bdnf和TrkB在前结节核中上调,而在背侧端脑的外侧部分,TrkB下调,bdnf上调。在视前区(POA),这三个基因在大群体饲养的鱼类中均上调,这表明早期的社会经验可能会导致视前区神经元连接的变化。我们的研究结果突显了早期社会经验在神经可塑性标记的组成性表达中的重要性,表明早期社会经验对社会能力的影响可能是由于神经可塑性的变化。
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