Diversity of butterfly–ant symbioses in the neotropical genus Ectatomma (Formicidae: Ectatomminae)

IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
J.-P. Lachaud, L. A. Kaminski, G. Pérez-Lachaud
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Despite the extraordinary diversity of organisms associated with ants, few species or genera have been inventoried for the myrmecophilous communities they host. Here, we review the known information on Lepidoptera associated with the ant genus Ectatomma, based on: (a) extensive colony sampling and observations on six focal species (E. tuberculatum, E. brunneum, and four cryptic species of the E. ruidum species complex) over a period of 43 years in Mexico, French Guiana, and Colombia, (b) a follow-up of the available literature, and (c) an analysis of Ectatomma images from various photographic databases available online and direct observations in Brazil and Suriname. No lepidopteran species were found inside the nests, but a wide variety of facultative mutualisms were observed outside on plants bearing extrafloral nectaries and/or honeydew-producing hemipterans; however, around 15% involved a form of commensalism, with no direct physical butterfly–ant interaction. Various new associations, previously unnoticed, are reported, and we illustrate a new symbiotic association between Rekoa palegon and E. ruidum sp. 2 in Mexico. At least 29 lepidopteran species from 19 genera, belonging to four tribes in three subfamilies and three families, participate in 41 associations involving only 5 of the 18 known Ectatomma species, all 5 characterized by visiting liquid food sources on foliage. Specialized interactions with Ectatomma ants were only found in three Riodinidae species, while in Lycaenidae interactions were all facultative. A greater sampling effort is needed, including nocturnal sampling and studies on little-studied species of this genus, to obtain a comprehensive picture of the extent of Ectatomma–Lepidoptera interactions.

Abstract Image

新热带八角蝶属(蝶科:八角蝶属)蝶蚁共生的多样性
尽管与蚂蚁相关的生物种类异常繁多,但很少有物种或属被记录到它们所寄居的嗜肉群落中。在此,我们回顾了与蚂蚁属 Ectatomma 相关的鳞翅目昆虫的已知信息,这些信息基于:(a) 43 年来在墨西哥对 6 个重点物种(E. tuberculatum、E. brunneum 和 E. ruidum 种群中的 4 个隐蔽物种)进行了广泛的蚁群取样和观察。在墨西哥、法属圭亚那和哥伦比亚的 43 年间,对六个重点物种(E. tuberculatum、E. brunneum 和 E. ruidum 种群中的四个隐蔽物种)进行了广泛的群落取样和观察,(b) 对现有文献进行了跟踪研究,(c) 分析了网上各种图片数据库中的 Ectatomma 图像以及在巴西和苏里南的直接观察结果。在巢穴内没有发现鳞翅目物种,但在巢穴外的植物上发现了各种各样的面生互生关系,这些植物上有花蜜和/或分泌蜜露的半翅目昆虫;不过,大约 15%的互生关系是一种共生关系,蝴蝶与蚂蚁之间没有直接的物理互动。我们报告了以前未曾注意到的各种新的共生关系,并说明了墨西哥的 Rekoa palegon 与 E. ruidum sp.来自 19 个属的至少 29 种鳞翅目昆虫,隶属于 3 个亚科和 3 个科的 4 个部落,参与了 41 个联合体,其中只涉及 18 种已知的 Ectatomma 物种中的 5 种,所有 5 种的特点都是访问叶片上的液体食物源。仅在三个 Riodinidae 种类中发现了与 Ectatomma 蚂蚁的专门互动,而在 Lycaenidae 中,互动都是面性的。需要加大取样力度,包括夜间取样和对该属中研究较少的物种进行研究,以全面了解 Ectatomma 与鳞翅目昆虫相互作用的程度。
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来源期刊
Insectes Sociaux
Insectes Sociaux 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
7.70%
发文量
43
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Insectes Sociaux (IS) is the journal of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI). It covers the various aspects of the biology and evolution of social insects and other presocial arthropods; these include ecology, ethology, morphology, population genetics, reproduction, communication, sociobiology, caste differentiation and social parasitism. The journal publishes original research papers and reviews, as well as short communications. An international editorial board of eminent specialists attests to the high quality of Insectes Sociaux, a forum for all scientists and readers interested in the study of social insects.
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