Effect of potassium supply and plant density on maize (Zea mays L.) yields and nutrient contents: a case study in a Hungarian long-term field trial set up on calcareous chernozem soil

IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY
Péter Csathó, Anita Szabó, Klára Pokovai, Tamás Árendás
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Abstract

The effect of potassium supply and plant density on maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated in terms of the leaf weight in the flowering stage, grain yield components, grain and stalk yield and their potassium, calcium and magnesium contents, in a field trial set up in Nagyhörcsök, Hungary, on a calcareous chernozem soil with poor to moderate potassium supplies. Different potassium supply levels were achieved by the initial build-up application of 0-240-480-960-1440 kg K2O ha−1 in autumn 1989. Adequate nitrogen and phosphorus supplies were provided by yearly NP fertilization. The year studied was favourable for maize growth and development. The maize hybrid Pioneer SC 3732 (FAO 450) was sown at plant densities of 24-48-72-96 thousand plants ha−1. The plant density had a more pronounced effect on grain yield than the different K supplies. Stalk yields showed trends similar to those for grain yields, but plant density had the opposite effect on the leaf weight (g 20 leaves−1) in the flowering stage. K fertilization increased the K content to the greatest extent in the vegetative parts (leaf and stalk), while increasing plant density had a reverse effect. The K-Ca-Mg antagonism was also the most pronounced in the vegetative parts, i.e. maize leaves in the flowering stage. According to the results obtained in the field trial, it seems that a century ago, in our grandparents’ time, food contained more minerals than nowadays, due to the fact that plant density decreases grain mineral composition more than mineral fertilization can increase it.

Abstract Image

钾供应量和种植密度对玉米(Zea mays L.)产量和养分含量的影响:在匈牙利石灰质 Chernozem 土壤上进行的长期田间试验案例研究
在匈牙利纳吉霍尔采克(Nagyhörcsök)的贫钾至中等钾供应的石灰质钙质土壤上进行了一项田间试验,从开花期叶片重量、谷物产量成分、谷物和茎秆产量及其钾、钙和镁含量等方面研究了钾供应和植株密度对玉米(Zea mays L.)的影响。1989 年秋季,通过每公顷 0-240-480-960-1440 千克 K2O 的初始累积施用,实现了不同的钾供应水平。通过每年施用氮磷钾肥,提供了充足的氮和磷。研究年份有利于玉米的生长和发育。玉米杂交种 Pioneer SC 3732(FAO 450)的播种密度为 24-48-72-96 千株/公顷。与不同的钾供应量相比,植株密度对谷物产量的影响更为明显。茎秆产量的变化趋势与谷物产量相似,但植株密度对开花期叶重(克 20 叶-1)的影响却相反。钾肥能最大程度地增加植株部分(叶片和茎秆)的钾含量,而增加植株密度则会产生相反的效果。钾-钙-镁的拮抗作用在无性部分(即开花期的玉米叶片)中也最为明显。根据田间试验得出的结果,一个世纪前,也就是我们祖父母的时代,粮食中的矿物质含量似乎比现在要多,这是因为植物密度会减少谷物中的矿物质成分,而矿物质肥料则能增加谷物中的矿物质成分。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
6.20%
发文量
92
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal publishes original papers presenting new scientific results on breeding, genetics, physiology, pathology and production of primarily wheat, rye, barley, oats and maize.
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