Torrefaction performance of Macadamia husk under a flue gas atmosphere for solid biofuel applications

Kanit Manatura, Supaporn Klinkesorn, Kitipong Jaojaruek, Kunthakorn Khaothong and Preeda Prakotmak
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Abstract

Torrefaction of Macadamia husk (MAH) under a proposed exhaust gas atmosphere (O2 of 5%, CO2 of 15%, and balance N2 v/v) was conducted. It was performed in a batch torrefactor at temperature of 200, 250, and 300 °C and duration of 30 min. Influence of torrefaction temperature on the physicochemical properties, energy yield (EY), and energy mass co-benefit index (EMCI) was investigated. It was found that conventional torrefaction had a higher mass and energy yield than flue gas torrefaction. The flue gas remarkably enriches the calorific value of MAH due to the larger fixed carbon and lower volatile matter. The torrefied husks have contact angles between 118 and 133°, which are larger than 90°, representing hydrophobic fuel. The optimal flue gas torrefaction was suggested to operate at 200 °C and 30 min to reach the highest EMCI. Utilization of flue gas in torrefaction can be a choice to use waste heat energy efficiently and reduce the cost of air separation.
在烟道气气氛下澳洲坚果壳的热解性能,以应用于固体生物燃料
在建议的废气气氛(O2 5%、CO2 15%、N2 v/v 余量)下对澳洲坚果壳(MAH)进行了热解。它是在 200、250 和 300 °C 的温度和 30 分钟的持续时间内分批进行的。研究了烘干温度对理化性质、能量产量(EY)和能量质量共同效益指数(EMCI)的影响。研究发现,与烟道气热解相比,传统热解的质量和能量产量更高。由于固定碳较多,挥发物较少,烟道气显著提高了 MAH 的热值。焙烧后的谷壳接触角在 118 至 133°之间,大于 90°,代表疏水燃料。建议最佳的烟道气托烧操作温度为 200 °C,时间为 30 分钟,以达到最高的 EMCI。利用烟道气进行热解可以有效地利用废热能,并降低空气分离的成本。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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