Heterosis on morphological, reproductive and productive behavior of Acroceras macrum Stapf hybrids

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY
S. C. Ferrari Usandizaga, E. A. Brugnoli, C. E. Maidana, E. J. Martínez, C. A. Acuña
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Abstract

Acroceras macrum, a forage grass from Africa, offers potential for enhancing cattle production in subtropical flood-prone regions. Despite its use in Northeast Argentina since the 1980s, the lack of available fertile seeds limits its widespread adoption and large-scale cultivation. We evaluate a germplasm collection of hybrids generated for breeding purposes in Corrientes, Argentina. To assess the feasibility of breeding programs, we examined heterosis and heritability through phenotypic traits. We evaluated growth characteristics (initial vigor, ground cover), plant morphology (leaf and internode size), biomass production (across two sites and years), reproductive stem proportion, flowering peak timing, and seed filling (measured on four dates). Six families were assessed: four full-sibling families compared to the superior parent, and two half-sibling families. The timing of the flowering peak exhibited a correlation with photoperiod. All traits depended on parental combinations, exhibiting significant intra-familial variability ranging from negative heterotic hybrids exceeding 80% to positive hybrids reaching 90%. Correlations between heterosis of the traits and parents’ genetic distance must be confirmed. Nevertheless, correlativeness was mainly observed for biomass production for distinct years and seasons. Hence, genetic distance could be a useful tool for the election of the parental combinations to improve this key trait in the species. Furthermore, heritability, was significant for most evaluated traits. It also could be exploited for breeding. This comprehensive assessment sheds light on the phenotypic behavior of A. macrum families, providing valuable insights for future breeding efforts aimed at enhancing its agronomic potential in subtropical regions prone to flooding.

Abstract Image

杂交种 Acroceras macrum Stapf 在形态、繁殖和生产行为上的异质性
Acroceras macrum 是一种来自非洲的牧草,具有提高亚热带洪水易发地区牛群产量的潜力。尽管自 20 世纪 80 年代以来,阿根廷东北部一直在使用这种牧草,但由于缺乏可育种子,限制了它的广泛应用和大规模种植。我们对阿根廷科连特斯(Corrientes)地区用于育种的杂交种种质进行了评估。为了评估育种计划的可行性,我们通过表型性状考察了异质性和遗传性。我们评估了生长特性(初始活力、地面覆盖率)、植株形态(叶片和节间大小)、生物量产量(跨越两个地点和年份)、生殖茎比例、开花高峰时间和种子灌浆(在四个日期测量)。对六个家系进行了评估:四个全同胞家系与优势亲本进行了比较,两个半同胞家系进行了比较。开花高峰时间与光周期相关。所有性状都取决于亲本组合,表现出显著的亲本内变异性,从超过 80% 的负杂合子到达到 90% 的正杂合子。必须确认性状的异质性与亲本遗传距离之间的相关性。不过,相关性主要体现在不同年份和季节的生物量产量上。因此,遗传距离可以作为选择亲本组合的有用工具,以改善该物种的这一关键性状。此外,遗传力对大多数评估性状都有显著影响。这也可用于育种。这项综合评估揭示了大花茴芹(A. macrum)家系的表型行为,为今后的育种工作提供了宝贵的见解,旨在提高其在易受洪水侵袭的亚热带地区的农艺潜力。
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来源期刊
Euphytica
Euphytica 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
5.30%
发文量
157
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Euphytica is an international journal on theoretical and applied aspects of plant breeding. It publishes critical reviews and papers on the results of original research related to plant breeding. The integration of modern and traditional plant breeding is a growing field of research using transgenic crop plants and/or marker assisted breeding in combination with traditional breeding tools. The content should cover the interests of researchers directly or indirectly involved in plant breeding, at universities, breeding institutes, seed industries, plant biotech companies and industries using plant raw materials, and promote stability, adaptability and sustainability in agriculture and agro-industries.
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