Oribatid Mites in a Humid Mediterranean Environment under Different Soil Uses and Fertilization Management

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.3390/d16090533
Àngela D. Bosch-Serra, Jordi Orobitg, Martina Badia-Cardet, Jennifer L. Veenstra, Bernat Perramon
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Abstract

Measuring soil quality and the use of indicators for its evaluation is a worldwide challenge. In Garrotxa Volcanic Zone Natural Park (northeastern Spain), different parameters related to oribatid mites as indicators of soil quality were evaluated under different land uses: forest, pasture, and a biennial double-crop rotation of forage crops. In forage crops, previous fertilization management (one based on mineral fertilizers, three on cattle manure, and one using both types) was also evaluated. Three samplings (April, June, and September) were performed over one season. Fifty-four oribatid species belonging to 28 families were identified. Abundance was the lowest in June for all land uses (average of 1184 individuals m−2). In the study period, abundance, diversity (Shannon index, H’), and dominance (Berger–Parker index, d) varied with different land uses, with the highest values of abundance and H’ in forests (9287 individuals m−2 and 2.19, respectively) and the lowest dominance in forests (d = 0.29) without differences between the other uses. Additionally, in the studied parameters, no differences were associated with previous fertilization management in forage crops. Hypochthoniella minutissima, Xenillus (X.) tegeocranus characterized the forest system, Epilohmannia cylindrica minima the forage crops, and Tectocepheus sarekensis the pasture. In pasture, the dominance of the parthenogenetic species Tectocepheus sarekensis raises concerns about potential management constraints.
不同土壤用途和施肥管理下地中海潮湿环境中的 Oribatid 螨虫
测量土壤质量并使用指标对其进行评估是一项世界性挑战。在加罗萨火山区自然公园(西班牙东北部),对不同土地用途下的土壤质量指标进行了评估,这些土地用途包括森林、牧场和两年一次的饲料作物双季轮作。在饲草作物中,还评估了以前的施肥管理(一种以矿物肥料为主,三种以牛粪为主,一种同时使用两种肥料)。在一个季节中进行了三次取样(四月、六月和九月)。共鉴定出 28 个科 54 种鸟纲动物。在所有土地用途中,6 月份的丰度最低(平均为 1184 只/平方米-2)。在研究期间,丰度、多样性(香农指数,H')和优势度(伯杰-帕克指数,d)随不同的土地用途而变化,森林中的丰度和 H'值最高(分别为 9287 个个体 m-2 和 2.19),而森林中的优势度最低(d = 0.29),其他土地用途之间没有差异。此外,在所研究的参数中,饲料作物的施肥管理与之前的施肥管理没有差异。Hypochthoniella minutissima 和 Xenillus (X.) tegeocranus 是森林系统的特征,Epilohmannia cylindrica minima 是饲料作物的特征,Tectocepheus sarekensis 是牧场的特征。在牧场中,孤雌生殖物种 Tectocepheus sarekensis 占主导地位,这引起了人们对潜在管理限制的关注。
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